QUESTION 12 Our text labels Aristotle\'s understanding of the man as formal rela

Question

QUESTION 12

Our text labels Aristotle's understanding of the man as formal relativism. This means that

there is no underlying structure or form of happiness for human beings, so each person has to decide the mean for himself or herself.

there is no underlying structure or form of happiness for human beings, so cultures provide the form or opportunities for living well.

there is an underlying structure, or form of happiness for human beings that specifies in detail how each person should live.

there is an underlying structure, or form of happiness for human beings, but the specific way in which a particular human being realizes that form varies with his or her circumstances.

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QUESTION 13

What advice would Aristotle probably offer to someone who wished to develop into a virtuous or excellent listener?

To become an excellent listener, you must develop a solid theoretical knowledge of the principles of good listening.

Listening cannot be learned; it is an innate skill.

To become an excellent listener, you must develop a habit of listening, and this requires practicing listening whenever you can.

None of the above.

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QUESTION 14

According to Aristippus, the best pleasures are

very intense sensory pleasures that are happening now.

very intense sensory pleasures that are anticipated to happen in the future.

very intense sensory pleasures in the past that are remembered.

qualitatively superior pleasures, even if lacking in intensity.

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QUESTION 15

Which comes closest to Epicurus' advice on how to "select" pleasures?

Select those pleasures which are not followed by too much pain.

Select those pains that are followed by enough pleasure.

Select those pleasures and pains, after weighing their respective assets and liabilities.

All of the above.

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QUESTION 16

An assumption that philosophers who embrace Cynicism make is that

people will be happier if they learn the art of sarcasm and cynicism.

people will be happier if they are less vulnerable.

people will be happier if they are more vulnerable.

Both A and B.

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QUESTION 17

What did Epictetus most admire about the Cynics?

Their serenity and happiness.

Their freedom and independence.

The rustic quality of their lives.

Both A and B.

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QUESTION 18

Which best represents the inference that supports the Stoics' claim that nothing can be bad or wrong?

Since I can't control my life, whatever happens must be good.

Because pain and pleasure are relative to the individual, nothing can be objectively bad or good.

Everything happens for a divinely ordered reason, so it must be good.

None of the above.

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QUESTION 19

Which of the following best expresses the philosophical problem with the Stoical conception of Fate?

Since everything is determined in detail, there seens to be no point in living.

Many actions seem to be fated and free.

There is no criterion for determining the aspects of our lives that are determined, and the aspects which we can influence.

Both B and C.

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QUESTION 20

How would Stoics such as Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius and Seneca respond to the complaint that we deserve or are entitled to loving girlfriends, boyfriends, or spouses?

These things provoke emotions, so in fact we ought always to reject them.

We need these things to be happy, and the Logos ought to provide whatever we need to make us happy.

We are not entitled to these things, because the Logos provides everything we need for happiness, and not everyone gets a loving girlfriend, etc.

None of the above.

there is no underlying structure or form of happiness for human beings, so each person has to decide the mean for himself or herself.

there is no underlying structure or form of happiness for human beings, so cultures provide the form or opportunities for living well.

there is an underlying structure, or form of happiness for human beings that specifies in detail how each person should live.

there is an underlying structure, or form of happiness for human beings, but the specific way in which a particular human being realizes that form varies with his or her circumstances.

Explanation / Answer

Ans 12. D) there is an underlying structure , or form of happiness for human beings , but a specific way in which tye human being realises that form varies with his/ her circumstances.

Formal relativism involves the practical judgements of particular circumstances that varies with each individual. Life has numerous variables which cannot be calculated , one should not expect the same exactitude in one subject as he does in other. The ethics of Aristotle are a philosophy of moderation , activity, fulfillment and balance.

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