Although you are likely to be unfamiliar with the subject of the following abstr

Question

Although you are likely to be unfamiliar with the subject

of the following abstract (Agamy, 2013), the authors

have made it possible for you to understand the logic of

their article. In a brief memo to your instructor, identify

the concept that the authors wished to study, the

methods they used, their principal findings, and their

recommendations. What techniques did the authors use

to make it possible to understand their logic? (Sentence

numbers have been added for convenience.)

Sub chronic exposure to crude oil, dispersed oil and

dispersant induces histopathological alterations

in the gills of the juvenile rabbit fish (Siganus

canaliculatus)

Abstract: (1) There is little existing information

on the sub-lethal effects of experimental exposure

of Arabian Gulf fish to oil pollution. (2) This study

investigated the potential sub-lethal effects of the water

accommodated fraction (WAF) of light Arabian crude

oil, dispersed oil and dispersant (Maxi Clean 2) on the

gills of the juvenile rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus),

observing several histopathological biomarkers at

different time points and different doses. (3) These

laboratory exposures simulated a range of possible oil

pollution events. (4) Significant alterations in four health

categories (circulatory, proliferative, degenerative

and inflammatory) were identified and form the basis

for understanding the short-term response of fish to

oil. (5) Evaluations of histopathological lesions in gill

tissue were carried out following 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and

21 days of exposure. (6) The main lesions observed

and quantified were lamellar capillary aneurysms,

vasodilatation of lamellae, hemorrhage, edema, lifting

of lamellar and filamentary epithelium and epithelium

necrosis, epithelial and chloride cell hypertrophy and

hyperplasia, fusion of adjacent lamellae, epitheliocystis

and inflammatory infiltration. (7) Exposure of juvenile

fish to WAF, dispersed oil and dispersant caused

significant changes in the gill lesions and reaction

patterns. (8) Dispersed oil caused the most significant

effect followed by WAF and then dispersant. (9) The

present study is one of the first which explores the

relationship between oil pollution and epitheliocystis

and reports that exposure to crude oil and dispersed oil

increases the prevalence of epitheliocystis formation

under controlled laboratory conditions.

Explanation / Answer

Identify the concept that the authors wished to study, the methods they used, their principal findings, and their recommendations. What techniques did the authors use to make it possible to understand their logic?

In this research, the scientists have tried to identify the effects of oil dispersed on the Arabian gulf, on the fishes. They have tried to understand the differences in their histopathologies, I.e. The differences in the tissues of the fishes and their pathologies. In order to properly notice the differences, the researchers used various biomarkers with progressing time intervals so that they could map a time dependent difference in their histopathology. This was aimed to study the effects of oil pollution on fishes. Exposure to oil was observed at 3, 6, 9.....21 days of exposure and the following changes were observed- lamellar capillary aneurysms, vasodilatation of lamellae, hemorrhage, edema, lifting of lamellar and filamentary epithelium and epithelium necrosis, epithelial and chloride cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, fusion of adjacent lamellae, epitheliocystis and inflammatory infiltration.

The scientists subjected the fishes to varying degree of oil such that they would match the conditions or be identical to the oil pollution conditions created in the Arabian gulf and it was observed that even under controlled condition, there was enough damage to the juvenile fishes, with increase in the prevalence of epitheliocystis formation. Hence conclusion is, oil pollution is harmful for fishes, which goes unnoticed.

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