Criminal Justice - Only answer multiply choice, without explanation In May 2014,

Question

Criminal Justice - Only answer multiply choice, without explanation

In May 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states must look beyond IQ scores in borderline cases of mental disability when determining whether a death row inmate is eligible for execution. The decision is based on the case of Freddie Lee Hall, a 68 year old man with an IQ score of 71, who has been on death row for more than 35 years since being convicted of raping and murdering a 21 year old pregnant woman in 1978.

Critics of the death penalty point to the disproportionate number of minorities who have been executed since capital punishment was first instituted in the United States. In 2002, the court barred the execution of mentally disabled inmates, but left the responsibility for defining mental disability in the hands of each state. Although an IQ score of 70 is widely accepted as a marker of mental disability, medical professionals argue that IQ tests have a margin of error and that inmates who score within that margin should be allowed to present other evidence of mental disability. Considering what you have learned about punishment and sentencing in Chapter 11 (Criminal justice by siegel), please answer the following:

1.Proponents of ____ claim that people are less likely to commit crimes if they know the punishment will be certain, swift, and severe.

a)general deterrence

b)incapacitation

c)diversion

d)retribution

2. Why are "expected punishment" rates today considered to be quite low?

a)Violent criminals are not deterred by severe punishment.

b)About two-thirds of convicted felons are given probationary sentences.

c)Crime clearance rates are over 50 percent and continue to rise.

d)Many cases are dropped at the pretrial and trial stage.

3.Jadyn's experience of serving two years in prison has convinced him that crime does not pay, and therefore, he is less likely to commit future crimes. Which goal of punishment does Jadyn's experience illustrate?

a)rehabilitation

b)restoration

c)specific deterrence

d)diversion

4,Sentencing guidelines are designed to ensure that ____.

a)punishment is certain, swift, and severe

b)inmates will receive time off for good behavior

c)judicial discretion is minimized

d)punishment is tailored to fit individual needs

5.Individuals convicted of _____ offenses tend to receive the longest prison sentences.

a)weapons offenses

b)drug offenses

c)white-collar offenses

d)violent offenses

Explanation / Answer

1. (a) General deterrence , people should be punished severely to set examples for others. If someone will be punished severely , others will be afraid to break the law knowing they will face the similar treatment.

2. (C) crime clearance rates are over 50 percent . If prison sentence continue to decline expected punishment will drop and as a result crime rates will increase. On the other side if time severed in prison continues to increase, crime rates eventually decreases because the cost of crime.

3. (C) specific deterrance , the goal of punishment to continue to convince offender that the pain of crimes is greater than the benefit of crime. This will likely to make the offender to repeat the crime lesser.

4. (C) judicial discretion is minimized, the jurisdiction that employ them develop methods to structure and continue the sentence process and make it more rational.

5. ( d) violent offenses are more severe than others. The violent offenders are given average 8 years prison.

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