1. When learning about fallacies, it is very common for students to realize just

Question

1. When learning about fallacies, it is very common for students to realize just how often they use fallacious thinking unintentionally. Thinking about the fallacies in the textbook, which one do you think you have committed the most? Can you give an example? If you need to go outside this short list, be sure to document your source.

2. Discuss some of the differences between causal arguments and both inductive generalizations and analogous arguments. Also discuss the difference between making a causal argument and establishing true causation, if there is any. Can you provide an example?

NOTE: The subject is on philosophy, but I couldn't find the subject. I thought choosing psychology will bring other social sciences but it did not. thank you.

Explanation / Answer

Fallacy - By definition is a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound arguments.

1) Please note - I am not sure which fallacies have been listed in the textbook since you haven't mentioned them but some possible fallacies that students tend to commit are as follows

2) Causal arguments - Simply put : x causes y. It gives us a cuase-effect relationship. Eg - war causes death.

Inductive generalizations - lets explain this with the help of an example - I see one crow, its black... I see another crow, its also black, I see another crow... its also black and so on.... so I conclude that all crows must be black. Here we make a claim based on a very tiny sample of information.

Analogous arguments - It is a kind of inductive argument where in perceived similarities are used as a basis to find some further similarity that has yet to be observed. For eg - Inorbit and Phoenix malls both have Nike, Food bazar and Crosswords, Inorbit mall also has PVR, so Phoenix must also have PVR.

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