define and example in ur own words from intro to ethics 12. Natural Law Theory:

Question

define and example in ur own words from intro to ethics

12. Natural Law Theory:




13. (Rational) Ethical Egoism:




14. Utilitarianism:




15. Principle of Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle:




16. Deontology:




17. Good Will:




18. Categorical Imperative:




19. Prima Facie Duty:




20. Retributive Justice:




21. Distributive Justice:




22. Rights-Based Ethics:




23. Doctrine of Natural Rights:




24. Welfare Rights:




25. Liberty Rights:




26. Legitimate Interests:



27. Libertarianism:




28. Virtue Ethics:




29. Virtue:




30. Doctrine of the Mean:




31. Habituation:




32. Care Ethics:

Explanation / Answer

1. Natural law theory: This theory relates the law and morality together. Morality relates to what is right and wrong. Natural law theorists believe that human laws are defined by morality, and not by an authority figure, like a king or a government. Therefore, we humans are guided by our human nature to figure out what the laws are, and to act in conformity with those laws.The natural law approach to solving ethical dilemmas begins with the basic belief that everyone has the right to live their life.

Example: You are a passenger on a ship sailing across the ocean. Suddenly, your ship is overtaken in a powerful storm. You escape to a lifeboat with 25 other passengers. You notice that four of the passengers are badly injured, and unlikely to survive for more than a week. Some of the other passengers are considering throwing the four injured passengers overboard in order to save the other survivors. If you follow natural law theory, you will value every life.

2. Ethical egoism: It is a normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest. Ethical egoism holds that actions whose consequences will benefit the doer.

Example: A person who owes money to a friend and decides to pay the friend back not because that person owes money, but because it is in his best interest to pay his friend back so that he does not lose his friend.

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