Three-year-old Tran used to call all flying objects such as airplanes and slowly

Question

Three-year-old Tran used to call all flying objects such as airplanes and slowly falling leaves "birds." Now he correctly labels airplanes, butterflies, birds, and bees. Which Piagetian process has Tran accomplished? Concrete operations Assimilation Proximal development Accommodation 17. In which stage of cognitive development does a child use symbols to think and communicate? 18. Which aspect of our personality demands to be satisfied in physically pleasurable ways? Libido of the id Reality principle of the superego Moral guardian of the superego Executive control of the ego 19. In terms of usefulness and reliability, which of the following is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory? It has more empirical and research support than Piaget's theory. It is far more useful than information-processing theory because it has more empirical support. It relies too much on empiricism to support its application. There is insufficient evidence at present to either support or contradict most of his theory. 20. An adult adapts a process to a child's developmental level in order to assist the child in developing a new skill or ability. What would Vygotsky call this process? Scaffolding Adapting Accommodating Assisting 21. According to Erikson, what is the central issue of adolescence? To develop initiative and become purposeful and goal-oriented, or to be guilty about inability to focus and achieve To develop a sense of autonomy, or become ashamed of one's inability to be independent of parents To form intimate relationships, or to risk isolation and rejection To examine one's identity and possible roles, or risk confusion about the future 22. The idea that certain human behaviors have developed and persisted in order to ensure survival of the species is drawn from which of the following? Nativism Classical conditioning Behaviorism Ethology Previous Next 23. Neo-Piagetian theorists combine which of the following to explain cognitive development in children? Erikson's developmental stages and Piaget's cognitive theory Bandura's observational theory and Piaget's cognitive theory Social-learning theory and Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory Piaget's cognitive theory and information processing theory Previous Next 24. Which of the following theories is concerned with the developmental aspects of thinking, memory, and logic? Psychodynamic Cognitive Social Behavioral 25. A self-absorbed, nongenerative adult who is not concerned with establishing and guiding a new generation will be at risk for which of the following? Inferiority Mistrust Isolation Stagnation 26. Which of the following is a commonly used prenatal diagnostic procedure? Functional magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission transmission imaging Electroencephalography Alpha-fetoprotein test 27. Which of the following terms explains why the human brain develops before the reproductive system? Prenatal gender differentiation Cephalocaudal pattern Spinal cord dysplasia Differentiation of the lobes of the brain 28. Which of the following statements is true regarding prenatal sex differentiation? The absence of a Y chromosome will ensure the development of male genitalia. If androgens are present, female genitalia develop regardless of the chromosomal makeup of the fetus. In the absence of the SRX gene, an XY fetus will develop female genitalia. Sex differentiation begins at around 4 to 8 weeks of gestation. Previous Next 29. Which of the following is true of a trait controlled by a dominant gene? The trait may or may not be expressed, depending upon whether environmental conditions facilitate or prevent the expression of the trait. The trait will be expressed even if the instructions of the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair are different. The trait will be expressed only if the instructions of the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair are the same. The trait will always be a positive, beneficial trait. 30. What percent of congenital disorders result from harmful genes or faulty chromosomes? 40% 10% 30% 3% 31. Which of the following correctly lists the stages of prenatal development in order of progression? Embryonic, fetal, germinal Zygotic, germinal, embryonic Fetal, embryonic, germinal Germinal, embryonic, fetal Previous Next 32. Which of the following is a condition that can cause a baby to grow too rapidly and result in premature labor or an infant that is too large for a vaginal birth? High blood pressure Ectopic pregnancy Gestational diabetes Hypothyroidism Previous Next 33. Salina is becoming emotionally attached to her unborn fetus. Her breasts are secreting colostrum. Salina is most likely in which trimester? First Fourth Third Second Previous Next 34. Which of the following is associated with the second trimester of pregnancy? The zygote implants on the uterine wall Nausea Formation of a mucus "plug" to seal the entrance to the uterus Movements of the fetus 35. Which of the following is the best example of the proximodistal pattern of development during the prenatal period? The spinal cord develops before the arms. Differentiation of the gonads occurs before the eyes are formed. The digestive organs are formed before the heart. Male growth patterns proceed more quickly than female patterns. 36. Which of the following happens during the first trimester of pregnancy? A woman can no longer tell if she's pregnant by using a urine test. The cervix thins and begins to stretch. The zygote implants itself in the lining of the uterus. Chemical messages are sent to the brain to start menstruation. Previous Next 37. Recent research has found that diseases that appear as we age may be a result of which of the following? Polygenetic imprinting Polygenetic inheritance Genomic imprinting Genomic inheritance Previous Next 38. Which of the following serve to hold neurons together? Dendritic cells Glial cells Myelin sheath Axonal cells Previous Next 39. With regard to breastfeeding, which statement is correct? Breast milk stimulates better immune-system function. Breast milk does not appear to promote the growth of nerves or development of the intestinal tract. Breastfeeding facilitates the development of superior social interactions between mother and child. Breastfeeding meets the nutritional needs of relatively few infants. Previous Next 40. What does your text suggest about the persistence of the Moro reflex or the Babinski reflex beyond six months of age? It is normal and is used as a sign of neurological maturation. It is due to positive or negative reinforcement. They aid in the infant's developing social skills and emotional relationships. It may signal the existence of some type of neurological problem. 41. What is the name of the sheath around the axons that serves as insulation and speeds neural transmissions? Dendrite Glial fiber Fontanel Myelin Previous Next 42. The myelinization in the reticular formation makes which of the following possible? Concentration in thinking, such as focusing attention on a task Dexterity in the manipulation of small objects, such as a needle and thread Judgment in decision making, such as evaluating various options Speed and agility in motor skills, such as running to catch a ball Previous Next 43. Which of the following is an application of Thelen's Dynamic Systems Theory? True walking is likely to happen regardless of environmental influences. The stepping reflex disappears as a result of environmental factors. Infants lose the stepping reflex if they lose an abnormal amount of weight. True walking is as much dependent on environmental influences as genetic ones. Previous Next 44. Which of the five senses is most fully developed at birth? Hearing Taste Smell Touch Previous Next 45. Which of the following is the most common nutritional problem in industrialized countries such as the United States? Marasmus Macronutrient malnutrition Micronutrient malnutrition Kwashikor Previous Next 46. Elisa is growing up in a home where both Russian and English are spoken. Which of the following statements is most likely true of seven-month-old Elisa? She will be able to respond to distinctions in sounds when her mother speaks, but not when her father or male siblings speak. She will respond to all sounds in the same way. She can accurately discriminate all sound contrasts that appear in both languages. She will be confused by the mixture of languages and will be delayed in her ability to distinguish contrasting sounds. Previous Next 47. Habituation is best defined by which of the following? Strengthening or increase in behaviors that results from reinforcement Shaping behavior patterns through operant conditioning The decline in attention that occurs because a stimulus becomes too familiar The development of repetitive behaviors that are characteristic of the secondary circular reactions substage Previous Next 48. Of the following statements, which is an accurate description of an infant's perceptual abilities? Infants develop depth perception only after a prolonged experience of walking toward and away from objects. Infants will display habituation to an unfamiliar pattern of objects or features of objects. When newborns gaze, they can see the edges of objects. Infants as young as one week of age seem to prefer attractive faces to less attractive faces. Previous Next 49. What is the special, often unexpected urgency in treating infants' respiratory illnesses promptly? Respiratory illnesses may affect the ears, and ear infections may impair hearing and interfere with the development of brain areas that are essential for language development. Early respiratory illnesses are likely to result in asthma. Respiratory illnesses are easily spread to other members of the family and more difficult to treat in older children. Infant immunizations cannot be given while a child is ill. 50. Which of the following is true regarding colic? The cause of colic is usually an allergy to infant formula. Colic is a pattern of intense daily periods of crying for one to three hours per day. Almost all infants develop colic. Colic typically begins at about two weeks of age and then disappears spontaneously at three or four months of age. 51. Typically, infants move into a predictable sleep pattern by what age? Six weeks Two weeks Six months One month Previous Next 52. Which of the following theorists is credited with the development of the behaviorist perspective of language? Abraham Maslow B. F. Skinner Sigmund Freud Noam Chomsky 53. Naming explosion typically occurs around what age? 11-14 months 16-24 months 12-18 months 8-10 months Previous Next 54. Brody is entertaining himself and his mother with his repetitious "dadadada, babababa" as if he just likes the sound of his own voice. What is Brody doing? Muttering Cooing Recasting Babbling Previous Next Not saved Submit Quiz Questions AnsweredQuestion 1 AnsweredQuestion 2 AnsweredQuestion 3 AnsweredQuestion 4 AnsweredQuestion 5 AnsweredQuestion 6 AnsweredQuestion 7 AnsweredQuestion 8 AnsweredQuestion 9 AnsweredQuestion 10 AnsweredQuestion 11 AnsweredQuestion 12 AnsweredQuestion 13 AnsweredQuestion 14 AnsweredQuestion 15 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 16 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 17 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 18 AnsweredQuestion 19 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 20 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 21 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 22 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 23 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 24 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 25 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 26 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 27 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 28 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 29 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 30 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 31 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 32 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 33 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 34 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 35 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 36 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 37 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 38 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 39 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 40 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 41 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 42 AnsweredQuestion 43 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 44 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 45 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 46 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 47 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 48 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 49 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 50 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 51 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 52 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 53 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 54 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 55 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 56 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 57 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 58 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 59 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 60 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 61 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 62 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 63 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 64 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 65 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 66 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 67 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 68 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 69 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 70 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 71 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 72 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 73 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 74 Haven't Answered YetQuestion 75 Time Running: Hide Attempt due: Oct 2 at 6:40pm 55. Kayla was given several different brightly colored balls to play with, one after the other. After about ball number seven, Kayla seemed to lose interest. When she was given a stuffed animal, she showed renewed interest. This renewed interest is due, in part, to which of the following? Superordinates Categorizing Schematograms Reinforcement 56. An interactionist would see which of the following as a shortcoming of the nativists' approach to language development? The interactionists and the nativists use the same approach to language development. They place too much emphasis on the environment. They pay too little attention to social context. They rely too much on the parent-child interaction. Previous Next 57. Most of us speak in high-pitched voices when speaking to a young child. Which of the following terms best describes this type of speaking? IDA Infant-directed speech Language encouragement LAD Previous Next 58. What is the term used by linguists for grammatical markers? Reductions Holophrases Monophrases Inflections 59. Tina babbles and her mother responds to her by imitating the sounds Tina makes. This would appear to refute the belief that early language is an example of stimulus-response theory. early language is the result of reinforcement of correct sounds. language acquisition results from imitation. language is based on fundamental operating principles. 60. What is the basis of interactionist theory? That infants have no inherent language abilities-all of their language skills must be learned That infants are born with biological preparedness with regard to language development, and the infant brain has a set of general tools that help them to develop language That infants are born with innate restraints with regard to language development, and the infant brain has a set of general tools that help them to develop language That infants are born with a set of general tools that help them to develop language, and that these tools must be nurtured 61. Rovee-Collier demonstrated that forgotten infant memories can be retrieved by using which of the following? Cues Interpretation of schemes Word association Modeling 62. Which of the following statements about social development and day care is true? Children in nonparental care seem to have a higher rate of insecure attachment than children with exclusively maternal care. Parental behaviors are more associated with social development if the day care arrangements are unstable. There is a heightened risk of insecure attachment in children placed in day care after the age of 1. Children in nonparental care show no substantive differences in attachment from children cared for exclusively by their parents. Previous Next 63. Which of the following is true regarding the long-term stability of temperament? Temperament remains stable through the age of 2 years, but then it becomes unpredictable. Difficult children tend to demonstrate the greatest level of instability in temperament. The research data varies greatly, so we can't draw any reliable conclusions on the longevity of temperament. Most studies have found that the basic temperament of a child stays relatively stable into children's later years. Previous Next 64. What is unique about the Efe culture with regard to child rearing? Children typically have only one primary caregiver. Children are left to fend for themselves as soon as they are able to walk. Children are raised by their fathers, not their mothers. Children are raised by the entire community. Previous Next 65. What did researchers find in cross-cultural studies of attachment? Avoidant children were more common in Israel and Japan. Secure attachment is the most common pattern in the eight countries studied. Insecure attachment was more common in western cultures. European countries value independence, fostering insecure attachment. Previous Next 66. In the Harlow monkey studies, with which "mother" did the infant monkeys spend the most time? The mother covered in terrycloth The mother with a bottle and covered in terrycloth The mother without a bottle or terrycloth The mother with the bottle 67. What is the name of the stress hormone that has been linked to differences in behavior of children in day care versus children reared exclusively at home? Cortisol Thyroxine Estrogen Testosterone 68. Which of the following terms is used to describe the temperament of children who are less regular with their body functions and slower to develop stable eating and sleeping patterns? Secure Difficult Easy Slow-to-warm-up 69. Which of the following statements about attachment is true? Contact immediately after birth is the most significant factor in attachment. By age 6 months, infants display distinctive patterns of responding to mother-father differences. Fathers' behavior with infants is different from the behavior of mothers even immediately after birth. Babies tend to laugh and wriggle around more with their mothers, but their behavior with their fathers is more subdued. Previous Next 70. Yong Park is nine months old. Lately when his mother tries to leave him in the church nursery, he cries and clings to his mother. His seems especially anxious if there is a new worker in the nursery. Considering his age, Yong Park is probably experiencing which of the following? Attachment disorder Bonding anxiety Social referencing Separation anxiety 71. Which of the following is the best definition of temperament? The typical pattern of responses that a child shows when angry or frustrated. Inborn behavioral and emotional predispositions that form the basis of personality. The degree to which a child will allow himself to be influenced by others. One of three personality patterns displayed by children. 72. _________ is most associated with the view that infants are biologically predisposed to form emotional bonds with caregivers and that the characteristics of those bonds shape later social and personality development. Bowlby Harlow Freud Erikson 73. Cognitive integrity Quality Complexity Variety 74. Which of the following statements about gender and temperament is true? Boys tend to show more fear responses than girls do. Temperament differences between boys and girls are smaller than what is perceived by parents and other adults. Girls are more emotionally intense that boys. Boys are generally more sociable than girls.

Explanation / Answer

When Tran called all flying objects such as airplanes and slowly falling leaves "birds", he was assimilating the information learnt. However, on being corrected, he has now taken the knowledge learnt and accommodated it in his schemas. Now he correctly labels airplanes, butterflies, birds, and bees.

The Piagetian process that Tran has accomplished is accommodation.

In the pre-operational stage of cognitive development by Jean Piaget, infants between the age of 2-7 learn to think and communicate. It is at this stage that a child is able to differentiate between what is morally right or wrong.

Thus, the correct answer is, Pre- operational stage.

According to Sigmund Freud, libido also known as the sex drive demands to be satisfied in physically pleasurable ways. The way a person executes his sex drive depends on what stage of development a person is at.

Thus, the correct answer is, A.

In terms of usefulness and reliability, in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, there is insufficient evidence at present to either support or contradict most of his theory. Lev Vygotsky developed the sociocultural perspective to understand how a child develops his cognitive skills through interaction with his immediate society. However, there is insufficient evidence at present to either support or contradict most of his theory.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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