PEMJ 324 Basic motor learning CNS contributions to motor control : 1.) What two

Question

PEMJ 324 Basic motor learning   

CNS contributions to motor control :

1.) What two reflexes occur when we step on a sharp object?

2.) What are central pattern generators? How has research shown they exist?

3.) Describe the distribution of the somatosensory cortex. Why are some areas ‘over-represented,
and some ‘under-represented’?

4.) Which brain areas are involved in planning/executing movements? What is the role of each?

5.) What is a motor unit? How does the nature of a motor unit in the leg versus the thumb or
fingers explain the extent of their fine control?

6.) What is a motor program?

7.) What is an attractor?

Explanation / Answer

1 Answer-

When we step on a sharp object the two refle occurs- Flexor reflex and crossed extensor reflex

Flexor reflex also called withdrawal reflex- stimukation by sharp object the leg is immediatly removed from the site of stimulation.

Crossed extensor reflex- In this process the other leg gets immediatly action and try push the stimuly.

2 Answer-

Central pattern generators  are also called as biological neural networks that produce the rhythmic patterned outputs without sensory feedback it involve in two or more processes that interact with the each process sequentially increases and decreases. this interaction, the system repeatedly returns to its starting condition.

Research shown as by the activity it exist as per large number of population study.

3 Answer-

somatosensory cortex- also called postcentral gyrus that recive sensory information from defferent parts of the body.

Distribution-

A- Posterior column- median lemniscus pathway-

Receptors of descriminative touch stereognosis

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First order neuron (medulla)

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Nucleus gracilis

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secondary neuron ( midbrain)

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Third neuron ( Thalamus)

Somatosensory cortex area

b- Anteriolateral pathway-

receptor foe pain, cold, worm touch pressure

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first order neuron ( lateral spinothalamic tract)

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medulla

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secondary neuron ( midbrain)

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third order neuron

sometosensory cerebral cortex

Over- represented area- covers by the myleinated neurons / white matter where the under- represented area coverd by unmylinated neuron / grey matter.

4. Answer-

The motor cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements.

The role in planning it to memorize the points and find out the selected actvity to do. where the excecuting movements is also need as per the normal movement for the surviving and other normal functions.

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