74 Identify a non-carbohydrate compound that is absorbed by sodium-linked cotran
ID: 3483547 • Letter: 7
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74 Identify a non-carbohydrate compound that is absorbed by sodium-linked cotransport d) phosphate eB12 b) amino acid c) monoglyceride a) fatty acid 75. What cell type is not part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus that regulates filtration rate? d) macula densa a) podocyte b) mesangial )juxtaglomerular (JG) 76. What happens to renal function with untreated diabetes? a) ADH has minimal or no effect on water reabsorption b) the glucose transport maximum for reabsorption in the PCT is exceeded e) sugar is present in the collecting duct fluid d) answer "a)" and answer "c)" e) answers "a)". "b)" and "c)" 77. What type of intestinal contractions do not move chyme forward but instead "back-and-forth" across the villi? d) peristalsis a) segmentation b) mixing waves 78. Approximately what percentage of blood volume is in the kidneys (renal vasculature) at rest? a) 1% b) 596 c) 10% d) 25% 79. Which two structures form a counter-current (opposing current flow) system? a) afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole c) collecting duct and vasa recta b) the proximal and distal convoluted tubule d) loop of Henle and vasa recta 80. What substance is trapped by counter-current flow in the renal medulla? a) sugar b) salt c) water d) hydrogen ions 81. What is the effect of ADH (vasopressin) on cells of the collecting duct? a) water permeability increases b) urea secretion increases ) calcium reabsorption increases d) sodium reabsorption increases e) ammonia secretion increases 82. Where is the primary site for nutrient reabsorption from the nephron? a) capsule b) PCT c) loop of Henle d) DCT e) collecting duct 83. Which of the following conditions would stimulate secretion of renin? ) increasing blood glucose concentration c) decreasing blood pressure b) increasing blood sodium concentration d) increasing blood pressure 84. Which chemical messenger increases the rate of renal sodium reabsorption? a) aldosterone b) nitric oxide e) atrial natriuretic peptide d) ADH 8S. Identify an effect of sympathetic input (norepinephrine release) on the renal corpuscle. a) dilates afferent arteriole b) dilates efferent arterioles c) constricts afferent arteriolesExplanation / Answer
74.c.monoglyceride.
75.d.macula densa.
It is an area of closely packed specialized cells lining the wall of DCT.
76.b.glucose transport mechanism for reabsorption in PCT is extended.
77.c.peristalsis.
It moves food along small intestine. Back and froth mixes chyme with no forward movement along small intestine.
78. a.1%
About 1% of glomerular filterate actually leaves the body because the rest 99% is reabsorbed into blood while it passes through renal tubules and ducts.
79.d.loop of Henle and vasa recta.
Concentrated urine is accomplished through a counter current exchange system between loop of Henle and vasa recta.
80.b.salt.
Nacl is the major constituent of osmotic gradient in outet medulla.
81.a.water permiability increases.
When ADH is present, the collecting duct becomes permeable to water.
82.b.PCT.
Water is reabsorbed resulting in concentration in the end of PCT.
83.c.decreasing blood pressure.
Secretion of renin is stimulated when there is fall in arterial blood pressure which are detected by baroreceptors.
84.a.aldosterone.
Reabsorption is increased by endogenus production of aldosterone.
85.c.constricts afferent arterioles.
Sympathetic nervous system under stress conditions increases activity resulting in vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles.
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