Need help answering: 1. What are the general effects of insulin on a) blood gluc

Question

Need help answering:

1. What are the general effects of insulin on a) blood glucose and carbohydrate metabolism, b) fat metabolism, c) protein metabolism?

During exercise, why DON’T we need insulin to get glucose into muscle cells? How do we manage to get glucose into the muscle instead?

2. What are the general effects of glucagon on a) blood glucose and CHO metabolism b) fat metabolism, c) protein metabolism?

3. In the context of exercising to build muscle, why is it beneficial to consume a combination of carbohydrate AND protein, rather than ONLY protein, after a workout?

4. The adrenal gland is quite important in coordinating an adequate stress response to exercise: the adrenal medulla produces catecholamines while the adrenal cortex produces cortisol and aldosterone. What are the contributions of aldosterone during an acute physical stress like exercise?

5. Why should my hypertensive uncle really take it easy on the licorice candy that his kids collected while trick or treating? (aside from the fact that he’s basically stealing their candy of course)

6. Describe which hormones are involved in preventing hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. How many lines of defense do we have against hypo- vs hyperglycemia? In this light, why is it such a big deal to lose our sensitivity to insulin (i.e. Type II Diabetes)?

Explanation / Answer

1) The general effects of insulin is to reduce the blood glucose levels.

2) GLUCAGON: The glucagon effect is opposite to that of the insulin that is it lowers the extracellular glucose.

3) Carbohydrate consumption along with the protein is considered as the best diet when excersing to built the muscle body.

4) During excersice and muscle contraction the aldosterone is having importance.

5) The uncle is a hypertensive if the hypertensive uncle take the licorice then there is high increase in blood pressure and dangerously low potassium levels leading to the hypokalemia because the licorise contains the glycyrrhizinic acid which increases the blood pressure which leads to death.

6) The hypoglycemia is prevented by the harmones glucagon, epinephrine also called as adrenaline, cortisol and growth harmones.

The harmones involved in preventing hyperglycemia is insulin.

The insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus because beta cells fail to keep up with the bodys increased need for insulin.

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