5) True or false a) The activation of a G protein coupled receptor results in ei

Question

5) True or false
a) The activation of a G protein coupled receptor results in either the stimulation or inhibition of cellular processes
b) both receptor-channels and G protein coupled receptors may be activated by neurotransmitters
c) Activation of nuclear receptors may result in the synthesis of proteins
d) Integrin receptors are activated by binding a signal molecule
e) Mechanically gated receptor channels may be found in the cell membrane as well as in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
f) Voltage gated receptor channels open or close in response to changes in the membrane potential.
g) Ligand gated receptor channels open or close in response to temperature changes
h) the activation of receptor channels always results in a depolarization of the cell followed by a repolarization phase.
i) The binding of a ligand to a receptor channel may open the channel to allow ions to diffuse in or out of the cell. 5) True or false
a) The activation of a G protein coupled receptor results in either the stimulation or inhibition of cellular processes
b) both receptor-channels and G protein coupled receptors may be activated by neurotransmitters
c) Activation of nuclear receptors may result in the synthesis of proteins
d) Integrin receptors are activated by binding a signal molecule
e) Mechanically gated receptor channels may be found in the cell membrane as well as in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
f) Voltage gated receptor channels open or close in response to changes in the membrane potential.
g) Ligand gated receptor channels open or close in response to temperature changes
h) the activation of receptor channels always results in a depolarization of the cell followed by a repolarization phase.
i) The binding of a ligand to a receptor channel may open the channel to allow ions to diffuse in or out of the cell.
a) The activation of a G protein coupled receptor results in either the stimulation or inhibition of cellular processes
b) both receptor-channels and G protein coupled receptors may be activated by neurotransmitters
c) Activation of nuclear receptors may result in the synthesis of proteins
d) Integrin receptors are activated by binding a signal molecule
e) Mechanically gated receptor channels may be found in the cell membrane as well as in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
f) Voltage gated receptor channels open or close in response to changes in the membrane potential.
g) Ligand gated receptor channels open or close in response to temperature changes
h) the activation of receptor channels always results in a depolarization of the cell followed by a repolarization phase.
i) The binding of a ligand to a receptor channel may open the channel to allow ions to diffuse in or out of the cell. a) The activation of a G protein coupled receptor results in either the stimulation or inhibition of cellular processes
b) both receptor-channels and G protein coupled receptors may be activated by neurotransmitters
c) Activation of nuclear receptors may result in the synthesis of proteins
d) Integrin receptors are activated by binding a signal molecule
e) Mechanically gated receptor channels may be found in the cell membrane as well as in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
f) Voltage gated receptor channels open or close in response to changes in the membrane potential.
g) Ligand gated receptor channels open or close in response to temperature changes
h) the activation of receptor channels always results in a depolarization of the cell followed by a repolarization phase.
i) The binding of a ligand to a receptor channel may open the channel to allow ions to diffuse in or out of the cell.

Explanation / Answer

Ans 5

a. The activation of a G protein-coupled receptor results in either the stimulation or inhibition of cellular processes is True Because GPCR involved in various physiological/cellular processes in that it is inhibited or stimulated the processes as per the condition such as involved in immune-modulation and in the suppression of TLR-induced immune responses from T cells.

b) both receptor-channels and G protein-coupled receptors may be activated by neurotransmitters is True because neurotransmitters are the endogenous chemical that enables neurotransmission such as GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric acid), amino acids.

c) Activation of nuclear receptors may result in the synthesis of proteins is False because nuclear receptors are a class of proteins present in the cells and responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and also have an ability to directly bound with DNA and regulate the expression of the specific or adjacent gene and controlling the homeostasis, development, and metabolism. However, these receptors are specific to animal cells and not found in cells of plant, algae, fungi, and protist.

d) Integrin receptors are activated by binding a signal molecule is True because integrins are transmembrane receptors that function as attachment of the cell to the ECM (Extracellular matrix) and signal transduction from ECM to the cell. Integrins fund in all animal cells while plant cells have integrin like receptors. integrins are activated by binding with a signaling molecule (ligand)such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin.

e) Mechanically gated receptor channels may be found in the cell membrane as well as in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. is False because MA channels present only in the cell membrane of three domain of life (Bacteria, Archea, and Eukaryotes).Mechanically gated receptor channels are membrane proteins that are capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli and convert physical forces into biochemical signals and essential for various cellular processes such as hearing and touch and blood flow.

f) Voltage-gated receptor channels open or close in response to changes in the membrane potential is True because due to the increase of the rate of ion movement across the plasma membrane that changes the membrane potential and change in membrane potential alter the confirmation of channel proteins that open or close the voltage-gated receptor.

g) Ligand-gated receptor channels (LGICs) open or close in response to temperature changes is False because LGICs responses to the chemical messenger that is a ligand such as Neurotransmitter.

h) the activation of receptor channels always results in a depolarization of the cell followed by a repolarization phase is False because for ligand-gated receptor channels, voltage-gated receptor channels are act as depolraization-repolarization while not true for Mechanosensitive Ion Channels.

i) The binding of a ligand to a receptor channel may open the channel to allow ions to diffuse in or out of the cell is True because it allows the antiport as well as symport diffuse of ions. When ligands bind to the receptor, the ion channel portion of the receptor opens, allowing ions to pass through the cell membrane.

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