The functional unit of the kidney is the? a) Loop of Henle b) Collecting ducts c

Question

The functional unit of the kidney is the?

      a)       Loop of Henle

      b)       Collecting ducts

      c)       Nephron

      d)       Glomerulus

Reabsorption?

      a)       Is the movement of a substance from lumen of the nephron to the peritubular capillaries

      b)       Is the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillaries to the lumen of the nephron

      c)       Is movement of blood fluids (plasma) from the glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule

      d)       None of the above

An increase in blood osmolarity would be expected to cause which of the following?

      a)       ADH release from the adrenal gland

      b)       Decreased blood pressure
      c)       Increased osmolarity of the urine
      d)       Sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct

If there was a marked increase in venous return resulting in a large volume in the      atrium, which of the following would occur?

      a)       The distal tubule and collecting duct would increase reabsorption of sodium
      b)       The distal tubule and collecting duct would secrete potassium
      c)       Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) blood levels would increase

      d)       Glomerular filtration rate would increase

If the aquaporins in the descending Loop of Henle were mutated and could not            transport water the kidney would?

      a)       Not reabsorb sodium in the Loop of Henle

      b)       Not efficiently reabsorb water in the collecting duct

      c)       Still reabsorb sodium in the descending Loop of Henle

      d)       None of the above

. Increased blood potassium would be expected to have which of the following effects?

      a)       An increase in the sodium potassium ATPase on the basolateral membrane
      b)       An increase in renin
      c)       An increase in aldosterone
      d)       a), and c)

      e)       b) and c)

To compensate for a decrease in blood pH the lungs would increase ventilation. To compensate for the inability of the lungs to maintain pH homeostasis the kidneys would?

      a)       Increase GFR

      b)       Increase urine bicarbonate (HCO3-) excretion
      c)       Increase H+ reabsorption
      d)       Increase urine ammonium (NH4+) excretion

If the clearance of Substance X is less than GFR, Substance X is likely freely filtered and reabsorbed?

      a) True

      b)       False

Glucose

      a)       Is co-transported with sodium by secondary active transport

      b)       Reabsorption requires the Na+/K+ ATPase pump

      c)       100% reabsorption occurs when blood glucose levels exceed 300 mg/dl

      d)       a and b are correct

Glomerular filtration rate is?

      a)       Maintained constant by myogenic autoregulation which dilates the afferent arteriole when blood pressure increases

      b)       Maintained constant by myogenic autoregulation which constricts the afferent arteriole when blood pressure decreases

      c)       Maintained constant by myogenic autoregulation which constricts the afferent arteriole when blood pressure increases

      d)       Maintained constant by juxtaglomerular feedback which responds to flow past the proximal tubule

Explanation / Answer

1. c.nephrons.

Each kidney contains over a million nephrons.

2. a.Is the movement of substance from lumen of nephron to the peritubular capillaries.

3. a. ADH release from adrenal gland.

Increased osmolalit in blood stimulates secretion of ADH.

4.c.ADH blood levels would increase.

5.c.still reabsorbs sodium in descending loop of Henle.

6.c.an increase in aldosterone.

7.c.increased H+ reabsorption.

8.a.true

9.d.a and b are correct.

10.option a.

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