In order for the body to remain in homeostasis, it needs to balance its input an

Question

In order for the body to remain in homeostasis, it needs to balance its input and output of all substances that make it up. Some of those substances are ions, water, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements in their various forms. As the body goes through metabolism, it converts substances from one form to another, leading to a reduction in one and an increase in another. During ingestion and breathing, substances are added to the body, and during excretion, substances are removed. The three body systems you studied in this unit, comprise the systems that participate in the intake and removal of substances from the body.  

1. (2 points) Pick a cell somewhere in the body and describe what that cell does as part of normal body function. The cell does not need to be from one of the body systems we covered in this unit, or even this semester.

2. (2 points) All cells require ATP to carry out their normal functions. Describe one specific function that cell carries out that requires the use of ATP to provide energy to do work.

3. (6 points) Briefly describe cellular respiration in terms of what its reactants and products will be, in addition to ATP. I don't want details of the steps involved, just the overall inputs/outputs.

Explanation / Answer

1.Adipocyte-Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.Adipocytes can synthesize estrogens from androgens.adipocytes also produce hormone leptin which is important in the regulation of appetite and acts as a satiety factor

2. ATP hydrolysis is an exergonic process. the energy released is used by many cellular processes.one of them is Active Transport.The cell membranes have transport proteins molecules across that spans across the membrane known as P-class pumps.these are the sodium-potassium pumps and calcium pumps. Molecular ions will bind to the main site on the protein and then an ATP will bind to a secondary site in order for movement into and out of the cell.When the ATP is hydrolyzed, it transfers its gamma phosphate to the pump protein in a process called phosphorylation, the pump gains the free energy and undergoes a conformational change, allowing the molecule( Na+/K+ or Ca2+ ) to be transported across the cells

3.Cellular respiration refers to a set of processes and metabolic reactions that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).the reactions involve breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones. there are four stages of the process:

Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate: it is the oxidization of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), resulting in one molecule of NADH and one molecule of CO2.

Citric acid cycle: pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis are converted to acetyl-CoA when oxygen is present. Acetyl-CoA produced, then molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) inside the mitochondrial matrix, and is oxidized to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. NADH can be used by the electron transport chain to create further ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation.

Thus 30-32 molecules of ATP are formed From the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse I
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.