Gaps in mylin sheath are caed b Sch Nods of land s regulated t Thymus 41 Type 2

Question

Gaps in mylin sheath are caed b Sch Nods of land s regulated t Thymus 41 Type 2 dabetes in caused by a Teo much insulin in blood b Toe ittle inpln in blood c Receptors being insensitive to insukn d Teo much gluca n cell medated immunity a ngon in blood 42 cels produce ant bodies T cels atach directly to antigen on pathegen &destroys; Auteimmune disease occurs d. Plasma cells produce anbbodies bM C A 44 humoral ammunty, a Macrophage antigen presenting cels cells are not involved in activating B cels b. Plasma c. Mas d. Fibroblast 45 ceils produce a Plasma; antigens Mast: antibodies c T: antibodies d. Mast; histamine 46 An activated T cell may become a Helper T cell b. Plasma cell C Mast cel d. Macrophage 47 Which of following is noe part of a reflex arc? a Motor neuron b. Sensory neuron c. Efflector organ d. Cranial nerve 48. Compared to inside of a resting plasma membrane of a neuron, the outside of the membrane is: a. Positively charged b. Negatively charged c. Neutral d. Constanty changing from positive to negative charge 49 8 cells are Processed in thymus a b. Orignate in bone marrow c. Are responsible for cell mediated immunity d. All of above are correct 50. The type of lymphocyte responsible for secondary antibody response is: a. Memory B cel b. Helper T cell c. T cell d. Mast cell

Explanation / Answer

Please find below answer and their explanation. I tried to give explanation.

39. Answer is C- nodes of Ranvier

40- B- Posterior lobe

The posterior lobe contains the ends of nerve cells coming from the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus sends hormones directly to the posterior lobe via these nerves, and then the pituitary gland releases them.

Posterior Lobe Hormones:

41- Answer C

Body may produce enough insulin to transport the glucose to the cells but unfortunately, the body resists that insulin. Glucose builds up in the blood when you are insulin resistant, leading to the symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes.

42- Answer- B

Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

Cellular immunity protects the body by:

43- Answer-D

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) are antibodies produced by the immune system.

If you have an allergy, your immune system overreacts to an allergen by producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reaction. This reaction usually causes symptoms in the nose, lungs, throat, or on the skin.

Each type of IgE has specific "radar" for each type of allergen. That's why some people are only allergic to cat dander (they only have the IgE antibodies specific to cat dander); while others have allergic reactions to multiple allergens because they have many more types of IgE antibodies.

44- Answer-A

Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.

45- Answer – D

The IgE-primed mast cell releases granules and powerful chemical mediators, such as histamine, cytokines, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leukotrienes, heparin, and many proteases into the environment. These chemical mediators cause the characteristic symptoms of allergy.

46- Answer-A

Helper T cells become activated when they are presented with peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete small proteins called cytokines that regulate or assist in the active immune response

47- Answer- D

Reflex arc has five parts:

Receptor: Responds to stimulus (change in external/internal environment); Distal end of dendrites, sensory structure; Initiate impulse via local depolarization (graded potential)

Sensory neuron: Receptor to axon termination in CNS; Transmits afferent impulse

Integration center: Sensory impulse to motor impulse; Direct (monosynaptic) or polysynaptic region in CN

Motor neuron: Efferent impulses from integration center to effector

Effector: muscles and glands

48- Answer- A

49- Answer – B

B cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that originate from bone marrow

50- Answer- A

Memory B cells are a B cell sub-type that are formed within germinal centers following primary infection and are important in generating an accelerated and more robust antibody-mediated immune response in the case of re-infection (also known as a secondary immune response)

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