5 A standard hearing aid functions by amplifying the sound conducted through the

Question

5 A standard hearing aid functions by amplifying the sound conducted through the external auditory canal. Explain why this type of hearing aid is effective for conductive hearing loss, but not sensorineural hearing loss. 6 The most common cause of hearing loss is exposure to loud noise such as music, which can permanently damage the hair cells of the cochlea. Would you expect this to result in conductive or in sensorineural hearing loss? What results would you expect from the Rinne and Weber tests in an individual with noise-induced hearing loss? 7 Your pati ent is in a car accident and several days later complains of a loss of smell. An X-ray reveals a fracture of plate. What structures specifically have been damaged? How has this interfered with your patient's the cribriform sense of smell? 15

Explanation / Answer

5) Conductive hearing loss - when hearing loss is due to problems with the ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear and its little bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes).

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) - when hearing loss is due to problems of the inner ear.

In conducting hearling loss there is blockage in the outer or middle ear while in sensorineural hearing loss the sensory cells are damaged or missing.

So in the 2nd case even if the sound is amplified the person won't be able to listen because the cells which will sense the sound are not there or damaged.

6) hair cells of cochlea are sensory cells which sense tthe sound. Hence if these got damaged sensorineural hearing loss will occur.

In Rinne test air will be louder than bone (false positive) while in Weber's test sound will be heard in good ear.

7) olfactory nerve has been damaged in ththis case with the fracture of cribriform plate resulting in loss of smell.

Olfactory nerve is the sensory nerve which carries the information of smell to the brain

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