The first question has been answered. Read vital signs article, answer: 1) Antib
ID: 3480645 • Letter: T
Question
The first question has been answered.
Read vital signs article, answer: 1) Antibodies are proteins produced by immune cells. They have a kind of Y shape. Draw a neuromuscular junction, showing how the antibodies are disrupting the signaling from motor neurons in myasthenia gravis. 2) Not all receptors are blocked by antibodies. Explain why/how tensilon allows patients to regain muscle strength. 3) Why would it be dangerous to give continuous doses of tension to a patient? hint the diaphragm is a skeletal muscle). Draw/explain the events of a muscle cell contraction, beginning with secretion of acetylcholine from a motor neuron and ending with the muscle cell returning to rest. Show and explain to at least one other group. Draw and predict the effects of 1) curare from poison dart frogs is a competitive inhibitor of Ach; that is, it binds to Ach receptors, does not open the sodium channel, and prevents Ach from binding. 2) nerve gas is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. 3) the toxin produced by botulism bacteria is an Ach-blocker; that is, it prevents its secretion from motor neurons. Botox (the toxin from botulism bacteria) is used to treat excessive sweating. Sweat glands are controlled by motor neurons. Explain how/why botox might be an effective treatment for excessive sweating.Explanation / Answer
2. To regain muscle strength, Ach should bind to its respective receptor on the muscle cells. The available amount of Ach is regulated by the enzyme acetylcholine esterase. This enzyme digests/break down the acetylcholine.
Tensilon is an inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase. It inhibits the action of the enzyme on Ach. Hence many Ach will be accumulated which competitively binds with the unblocked Ach receptor on muscle cells. This regains the muscle strength.
3. Diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that take part in respiration. When it contracts, the thoracic cavity expands and inspiration happens. It has to relax during expiration.
When tensilon is overdosed, the diaphragm remains contracted for a long period of time since the abundant Ach keeps binding to the Ach receptor. This will create a problem for expiration to happen leading to congestion in respiration. This situation is termed as cholinergic crisis. This leads to flaccid paralysis and respiratory failure.
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