28 points) For the following groups of statements (#1-5 circle every letter the

Question

28 points) For the following groups of statements (#1-5 circle every letter the statements may be true (including none of them), so leaving this part blan false that is a TRUE statement. Note that any of k means you think that all statements are 1. During skeletal muscle relaxation: Nebulin returns the sarcomere back to its resting length b. No ATP is needed Calcium is being pumped into the sarcoplasm via the SERCA pump d.) The muscle action potential is traveling down the t-tubules. 2. During the sliding filament theory: a. Rigor state the myosin head is at a 45 degree angle to actin and there is no ATP bound +1 Relaxed state-the myosin head is at a 90 degree angle to actin and there is ATP bound c. Power stroke is initiated when ATP is converted to ADP+P calcium binds to tropomyosin in order to initiate strong binding between myosin and actin 3. In skeletal muscles a. The globular actin is known as F-actin and when two strands come together, it is known as G-actin b. Myosin contains actin binding sites that need to be exposed erroponín T has a strong affinity for Ca2+ Creation of phosphocreatine fuels skeletal muscle contraction 4. In cells and neurons: Diffusion of potassium across the membrane causes depolarization Sodium concentrations are maintained via the sodium-potassium ATPase pump The resting membrane potential is mainly due to sodium leak channels Diffusion of sodium across the membrane can cause excitation to initiate an action potential 2 b) a 5. Smooth muscle contraction: Can be controlled by hormones and neurotransmitterr Is caused by binding of Ach binding to nicotinic acety/choline receptors Involves opening the DHP (Ryanodine) receptor on the SR to release calcium Occurs when calcium binds to calmodulin activating myosin light chain kinase 6. In smooth muscle DAG will inhibit MLCK to initiate contraction D The sodium calcium exchanger facilitates calcium reuptake into the SR Calsequestrin lowers the free calcium levels in the SR d. Epinephrine can activate Gi to inhibit voltage gated calcium channels causing relaxation 7. For skeletal muscles a. c. Isometric contractions causes a change in the skeletal muscle length Slow fibers have high oxidative metabolic capacity Fast fibers are low in red myoglobin Majority of ATP production from oxidative phosporylation

Explanation / Answer

1.(a), (c)and (d) are true.

2.(a),(b),(c) and (d).

3.(b) and (c)

4.(a),(b)(c) and (d).

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