Review sheet exam 2 This serves as a guideline, there may be questions on this e

Question

Review sheet exam 2 This serves as a guideline, there may be questions on this exam that may or may not be covered on this review sheet 1. Nervous system a. Know the different ion channels b. What is an action potential b.i. How does it work b.ii. Why is it necessary b.ii. What are the ions that affect the action potential c. What are different types of nerve cells ci. What are nodes of ranvier-n's%in-ee c.ii. What is salutatory vs continuous conduction d. What is the CNS PNS e. What are sympathetic and parasympathetic systems e.i. How do they affect the body e.ii. Compare and contrast the different systems f. What is a reflex f.i. Know how the reflex works f.ii. What are the different types of reflexes 2. Special Senses a. Know the mechanics of each of the special senses

Explanation / Answer

1a)Ion channels- Channels are present in the cell membrane of all cells these are voltage gated channels and ligand gated channels. It will maintain the transport of sodium,potassium,chloride,calcium across the membrane from inside and outside the cells.

B 1)Action potential- The change in the membrane potential associated with passage of impulse along the membrane of muscle or nerves

B2) It is necessary because without this the cell cannot depolarize and unable to conduct impulse in case of nerve cells. With this threshold only the cells start transporting ions.

B 3) The ions affected are sodium, pottasium, chloride, calcium, negative ions etc

C1) nodes of ranvier- it is a gap present between the myelinated axons to speed up the conduction.

2)Continuous conduction- where the impulse flows from one axon to other without any interruption which happen in large diameter axons. The conduction is slow.

3)Salutatory conduction- The impulse is interrupted by nodes of ranvier- present in myelinated axons. The conduction is very fast.

D) Central nervous system are present in the axial part of the body. The brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system are present peripherally arising from CNS. These are Somatic and Autonomic nervous system, which contains spinal nerves and ganglion.

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