32) Which of the following processes provides a long term response to changes in

Question

32) Which of the following processes provides a long term response to changes in blood pressure? A) baroreceptor-initiated reflexes B) renal regulation C) chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes D) neural controls 33) Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the A) right atrium B) right ventricle C) left ventricle D) left atrium 34) Rigor mortis occurs because A) no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules B) proteins are beginning to break down, thus ting a flow of calcium ions sodium ions leak out of the musele D) the cells are dead 35) What are the muscles that are found at openings of the body collectively called? A) circular muscles B) convergent muscles C) divergent muscles D) parallel muscles 36) The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates A) atrial repolarization B) ventricular depolarization C) atrial depolarization D) ventricular repolarization 37) Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles? A) muscle shape B) muscle location C) the type of muscle fibers D) the type of action they cause 38) Most skeletal muscles contain A) a predominance of fast oxidative fibers B) a mixture of fiber types C) muscle fibers of the same type D) a predominance of slow oxidative fibers 39) Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise? A) The skin will be cold and clammy B) Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs. C) Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood. D) Blood flow to the kidneys increases 40) Aldosterone will A) promote a decrease in blood volume B) result in a larger output of urine C) decrease sodium reabsorption D) promote an increase in blood pressure

Explanation / Answer

Answer

32: B-renal regulation- Long-term(requiring minutes to days) control involves adjusting total blood volume by restoring normal salt and water balance through mechanisms that regulate urine output and thirst.

33: D- Left atrium- Deoxygenated blood is pushed through the ventricle into the lungs through pulmonary arteries where they participate in gas exchange, then the blood in pulmonry vein enters the left atrium, which is further pushed into the left ventricle and into the systemic circulation via aorta.

34: A- No atp is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules. Rigor mortis is the stiffening of the joints which occurs after a few hours of death of an animal or a human, its the third stage of death.

35: A- Circular muscles- The muscles at the opening of the body are collectively called sphincters (circular muscles).

36: C- Atrial depolarization- The p wave is the small upward bump from the baseline at the beginning of the wave, which represents atrial depolarization in a normal ECG.

37: C- the type of muscle fibre-

The muscles are usually classified based on the location which help easy identification eg- pectoral region, dorsal muscles etc.

Muscles are classified based on their shape eg- bipennate, unipennate, convergent.

Muscles are classified based on the action and function eg- skeletal: attached to the skeleton, smooth:they work automatically, vessel. and cardiac muscles: heart.

38: B- a mixture of fibre types- The skeletal muscles are composed of mainly three different types of fibers, Slow oxidative which primarily used aerobic respiration. Fast oxidative which is an intermediate between slow oxidative and fast glycolytic fibers. Fast gylcolytic which uses anaerobic respiration.

39- A- Skin will be cold and clammy. When you exercise in the heat, your cooling system has to work harder. Your body sends more blood to your skin and away from your muscles. This increases your heart rate. causes  sweating, cold and clammy skin, nausea and vomiting.

40: D- Promote and increase in blood pressure. Aldosterone is steroid hormone(minrealcorticoid) produced in the zona glomerulosa, it cause sodium conversation in kidney and other organ which leads to water retention which increases blood pressure.

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