Test 3 Review: Blood Vessels, Lymphatics, and Nervous Systems 17, Be able to cla
ID: 3478175 • Letter: T
Question
Test 3 Review: Blood Vessels, Lymphatics, and Nervous Systems
17, Be able to classify the nervous system as discussed on Blackboard. Be able to explain the properties for the structures within the nervous system
18, Be able to explain the properties that make one neuron faster/slower than another neuron
19, Be able to state why neurons within the body only travel in one direction
20, Be able to state and describe the function(s) for the various neurotransmitters discussed on Blackboard
21, Be able to state the purpose for CSF
22, Be able to explain the difference between the systemic and pulmonary circulations
Explanation / Answer
17. Classification of nervous system
The nervous system is divided into two parts:
Properties of nervous system
Brain – it is divided into following parts
The spinal cord
It acts as a communication pathway between the brain and rest of the body.
Peripheral system
It is divided into three main parts:
18. The velocity of neurons is called nerve conduction velocity, different factors may make one neurons faster than other are:
1. Axon diameter: An axon with a larger diameter conducts faster.
2. Myelination and saltatory conduction: Myelination speeds up conduction, thus long myelinated neurons have faster conduction and fresh action potentials are produced only at the nodes.
3. Temperature: decreased temperature slows down conduction velocity.
4. Resting membrane potential: any change in RMP in any direction slows down the conduction.
19. Neurons travel only in one direction because of their chemical nature of impulse and structure of axon and dendrites. Most important of them is synaptic message movement. Nerve impulses travel as signal firing (electrochemical energy) from one neuron to the next. The nerve cells are lined up but there are no physical connections occur between them, these tiny gaps are called as synapses. The message is received by the dendrites and passed over to axon`s length and reach the terminal clefts where they are released as neurotransmitters via synaptic junctions. These receptors are accepted in the receiving terminals located on the dendrites present in the next axon. Thus the impulses travel only in unidirectional because the synapse and receiving terminals are only on one side.
20. Functions of various neurotransmitters
GABA
inhibitory functions
Meltonin
circadian rhythm
Norepinephrine
fight or flight response
Dopamine
inhibitory functions
Serotonin
mood regulators
Epinephrine
fight or flight response
Nitric oxide
smooth muscle relaxation
21. CSF allow the brain to attain appropriate size without being inhibited by its own weight and size. CSF protects the brain from trauma and injury. It also supplies nutrients to nervous tissue and excetere the waste products from cerebral metabolism.
22. systemic circulation, circulates the blood throughout the body, from left ventricle to atrium, whereas pulmonary circulation is the blood circulation in the lungs.
GABA
inhibitory functions
Meltonin
circadian rhythm
Norepinephrine
fight or flight response
Dopamine
inhibitory functions
Serotonin
mood regulators
Epinephrine
fight or flight response
Nitric oxide
smooth muscle relaxation
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