REVIEW SECTION Introduction to the Skeletal System Name ekons Duf Date Lab Secti

Question

REVIEW SECTION Introduction to the Skeletal System Name ekons Duf Date Lab Section Review Questions 1. Circle the correct answer. The hyoid bone belongs to the °axial skeleton a. appendicular skeletor. cupper extremity. d. skull. 2. Circle the correct answer. The clavicle belongs to the pectoral girdle· c.pelvic girdle. d, upper extremity. a, axial skeleton. 3. In the disease osteoporosis there is a significant loss of spongy bone. Explain how the loss of this specific bone material can weaken a bone. 4. Label the following illustration using the numbers for the terms provided. 1. canaliculi 2. central canal 3. concentric lamella 4. lacuna 5. osteon the thin lines) (the dark spot) 5. The ends of a long bone are known as the Eliphtsis 6. A carpal bone is classified as a Short bone in terms of shape. 7. Name two bones of the forearm.- con 8. Cirele the correct answer. The ribs are part of which skeletal division? 9. Name the bone found between the femur and the tibiaatea 10. A young adult has how many bones, on average? 200 Rodus vina b. appendicular 103

Explanation / Answer

ANS 1) The hyoid bone belongs to axial skeleton because it consits of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate and is composed of six parts; the skull bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternumand the vertebral column

ANS 2) The clavicle belongs to pectoral girdle which is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton connecting to the arm on each side consistsing of the clavicle, scapula and coracoid

ANS 3) In the disease osteoporosis Spongy bone has trabecular which function reinforcing plates towards a pressure. The loss of spongy bones reasons weakening of the inner support that the compact bone calls for and the whole bone breaks

ANS 4) a. Canaliculi

b. Cenetral canal

c. Concentric lamella

d. Lacuna

e. Osteon

ANS 5) The ends of a long bone are known as Epiphyses It is the rounded extended bone, at its joint with adjacent bone. Between the epiphysis and diaphysis the long center of the long bone lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate. At the joint, the epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage; below that protecting is a zone much like the epiphyseal plate, known as subchondral bone.The epiphysis is filled with purple bone marrow, which produces erythrocytes

ANS 6) A carpel bone is classified as a short bones in terms of shape. The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist that connects the hand to the forearm.

ANS 7) Radius and Ulna

ANS 8) Axial skeleton

ANS 9) Patella

ANS 10) 206

ANS 11) Hydroxylapatite

ANS 12) Flat bone

ANS 13) Flat bone

ANS 14) Long bone

ANS 15) Short bone

ANS 16) Osteon is the essential functional unit of tons compact bone. Osteons are roughly cylindrical systems which can be normally several millimeters long and round 0.2mm in diameter, they are present in many bones of most mammals and some chicken, reptile, and amphibian species.

ANS 17) Osteoblasts originate from stem cells and produce new bone then end up osteocytes. Osteocytes sense stress being positioned on the bone and upload more material as wanted. Osteoclasts are worried in bone reabsorption. In organized groups of linked cells, osteoblasts produce hydroxyapatite that is deposited, in a particularly regulated manner, into the organic matrix forming a robust and dense mineralized tissue - the mineralized matrix. The mineralized skeleton is the main aid for the our bodies of air breathing vertebrates. It is an important keep of minerals for physiological homeostasis together with each acid-base stability and calcium or phosphate upkeep

ANS 18) Osteocytes are mature osteoblasts which have come to be trapped in the very bone matrix they produced. Osteocytes retain to form bone to some diploma, that's essential for retaining the power and health of the bone matrix. However, osteocytes carry out functions that enlarge a ways past easy maintenance.

ANS 19) Cylindrical systems, known as osteons, are aligned along lines of the finest stressto the bone so as to face up to bending or fracturing. Spongy or cancellous bonetissue includes trabeculae which are arranged as rods or plates with pink bonemarrow in among.

ANS 20) Bone decalcification is the removal of calcium ions from the bone through histological process thereby making the bone flexible and easy for pathological investigation.The relationships between bone mineral content (BMC), bone calcium, and bone strength were studied in fractionally demineralized feline femurs.This study has shown that in cat femurs, 20% decalcification led to about 35% loss in bending strength, and 60% decalcification caused 75% loss in strength.

ANS 21) Every osteon consists of concentric layers, or lamella of compact bone tissue that surround a primary canal, the haversian canal. The haversian canal contains the bone's blood resources. The boundary of an osteon is the cement line.
The lacunae are situated between the lamellae, and encompass a number of rectangular spaces.Every lacuna is occupied throughout life by using a branched cell, termed an osteocyte, bone-mobile or bone-corpuscle. Lacunae are connected to each other by means of small canals known as canaliculi. A lacuna by no means incorporates a couple of osteocyte

ANS 22) Shoulder blade is known as scapula.The scapula is a flat triangular bone positioned inside the upper lower back. It connects with the collarbone on the the front of the body. Humerus: the biggest bone of the arm, the humerus connects to the scapula and clavicle within the shoulder.

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