4Aommon yen dgs e Why migh hynm une response in the presence of an infection? Wh

Question

4Aommon yen dgs e Why migh hynm une response in the presence of an infection? What else may cause swollen lymph nodes? (Hire causes swelling?) What part of 5 Explain why conditions that cause destruction of B lymphocytes and/or T lymphocytes ca cause malfunctioning of both the specific and nonspecific immune responses 6 You are running an ELISA on a sample to test for the presence of antigens from the influen comes time to add the antibody, you realize that you only have antibodies for the influenza B virus ies give you accurate results? Why or why not? 08 I Exploring Anatomy & Physiology in the Laboratory

Explanation / Answer

4. Lymph nodes are small oval-shaped organs that contain immune cell to attack and kill foreign invaders such as viruses. The primary function of lymph nodes is to harbor the body's disease-fighting cells. During an infection process, lymph nodes send out disease-fighting cells and compounds, they may become inflamed or painful. The condition of having inflamed lymph nodes is referred to as lymphadenitis. Lymph node inflammation can occur for a variety of reasons like infection or virus including the common cold. Cancer including blood cancer can also cause lymph node inflammation.

5. The activation of the immune system to an infection needs both B and T lymphocytes. Both part of the bodies response to cellular injury both B and T lymphocytes required to activate elements of specific and nonspecific immune system.

6. Influenza viruses are constantly changing, one way they change is called antigenic drift. These are small changes in the genes of influenza viruses that happen continually over time as the virus replicates. These small genetic changes usually produce viruses that are pretty closely related to one another. The other type is called antigenic shift. Antigenic shift is an abrupt, major change in the influenza A viruses, resulting in new hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins in influenza viruses that infect humans. While influenza viruses are changing by antigenic drift all the time, antigenic shift happens only occasionally. Type A viruses undergo both kinds of changes; influenza B viruses change only by the more gradual process of antigenic drift.

The antibodies from influenza B virus will not be able to recognize proteins from influenza A virus as this virus would have undergone many changes.

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