Which of the following are short-term/fast responses to counteract an increase i

Question

Which of the following are short-term/fast responses to counteract an increase in blood volume? [select all that apply]

1.Increased secretion of fluid in the form of urine.

2.Dilate blood vessels.

3.Decrease cardiac output.

4.Increase cardiac output.

Determine which of these blood vessels (of the circulatory system) that will exhibit a pulse pressure generated by ventricular contraction.

A - Pulse pressure / B - No Pulse Pressure

1.Arteries

2.Venules

3.Artieroles

4.Aorta

5.Capillaries

6.Veins

There is a small section of tissue in the liver that is undergoing increased metabolism. Which of the following are likely effects of paracrine signaling by this tissue? (select all that apply)

1. Increased cardiact output.

2.Dilate the arterioles in the immediate vicinity.

3.Reduce resistance in arterioles in the immediate vicinity

4.Constrict the arterioles in distant tissues not undergoing increased metabolism.

.

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1 correct options are:

A) increased secretion of fluid in the form of urine

B) decrease cardiac output

EXPLANATION: when kidney makes more urine, amount of volume of blood that fills arteries and veins decreases. Cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute, so decreased cardiac output decreases blood volume

2) blood vessel that exhibit blood pressure are : aorta, arteries and arterioles

EXPLANATION: pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. It is highest in aorta, and other large arteries and lower in arterioles and absent in capillaries, veins and venules.

3) correct options are:

Dilate arterioles in immediate vicinity

Reduce resistance in arterioles in immediate vicinity

Explanation: in paracrine signaling,the chemical signal works in the immediate vicinity of the cells that produce it. Dilation of arterioles decreases arteriolar resistance and increases blood flow. Paracrine signaling moves by difussion therefore effective for short distances.

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