19. Which lobe of the cerebrum contains auditory cortex? a. frontal b. parictal
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19. Which lobe of the cerebrum contains auditory cortex? a. frontal b. parictal e. occipital d. temporal 20. Identify a general function of the basal nuclei. a. error detection in motor commands b. sequencing of motor commands e. formation of motor memory a. corticospinal . tectospinal .corpus callosum a. ventral (anterior) and lateral spinothalamic tracts b. spinocerebellar and lateral spinothalamic tracts 21. Which of the following tracts is a commissure? d. fomix 22. Which two sensory tracts from spinal cord to brain transmit proprioception (muscle, joint, fendon sense)? e. dorsal column and ventral spinothalamic tracts d. dorsal (posterior) column and spinocerebellar tracts 23. Identify the cavity that is located within the diencephalon. a. lateral ventricle b.interventricular foramen e.third ventricle d. fourth ventricle eaqueduct 24. What type of responses are directed by the tectospinal pathway? e. postural reflexes a. visual reflexes b. balance reflexes d. word utterance 25. What is the meaning of "decussation of the pyramids" a. ascending axons of the dorsal column pathway cross the midline in the medulla oblongata b. lower motor neuron axons extend from the CNS into the PNS e. upper motor neuron axons cross the midline in the medulla oblongata Bonus Questions 26. Identify the nerve that contains both somatic and autonomic motor axons. 27. Identify the tissue that synthesizes cerebrospinal fluid. 28. Identify the tract that transmits cerebral limbic signals into the diencephalon. 29. Which space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? 30. Identify two populations of cells that collaborate to form the blood-brain barrier a. dura mater b. pia mater e.arachnoid mater d. choroid plexus a. fornix b. corpus callosum c.corticobulbar tracts d.association tracts a. epidural b. subdural e. subarachnoid d. subpial a. endothelial and astrocyte b. astrocyte and microglial c. oligodendrocyte and endothelial d. oligodendrocyte and astrocyteExplanation / Answer
19) The superior surface of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum is marked by two obliquely oriented ridges, the transverse temporal gyri and the planum temporal. The temporal gyri constitute the primary auditory cortex. Hence, Option d is right.
20). The basal ganglia or basal nuclei play an important role in voluntary muscle actions. It has a direct role in the control of movement execution as well as control of movement vigor. Basal ganglia are required for the motor cortex to relay the motor commands to the relevant muscles. Hence, option b is right.
21) The corpus callosum is the largest commissural fibber of the human brain involved in speech-language functions. It connects the hemispheres and conveys neural information between them. It connects analogous areas in the two hemispheres. Hence, option c is right.
22) Proprioception is required to detect or be aware of the position of the body in space. In unconscious propioreception, sensory information from the limbs and trunk are transmitted via peripheral nerves to the spinocerebellar tracts. These tracts send the information to the ipsolateral cerebellum in the brain. Dorsal column, formed from the axons of the dorsal root ganglion is involved in conscious propioreception. Receptors located in the joint and joint capsules send sensory information to the cerebral cortex, which uses this information to generate awareness of the joints velocity and position. Hence, option d is right.
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