7. Which of the following is/are a location of nicotinic Ach receptors? A. auton

Question

7. Which of the following is/are a location of nicotinic Ach receptors?

A. autonomic ganglia

B. specific regions of the brain

C. skeletal muscle

D. All of the above

8. When a transmitter binds to a nicotinic receptor, the ion channel opens and

A. only Na+ diffuses into the cell.

B. only K+ diffuses into the cell.

C. Na+ diffuses into and K+ diffuses out of the cell simultaneously.

D. Both Na+ and K+ diffuse into the cell.

9. What is the function of acetylcholinesterase?

A. binds to nicotinic receptors

B. catalyzes resynthesis of ACh

C. blocks muscarinic receptors

D. catalyzes hydrolysis of Ach to remove it from the synaptic cleft

10. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal dopamine system may cause

A. behavioral problems.

B. drug addictions.

C. severe motor problems

D. schizophrenia.

11. Dopaminergic neurons of the mesolimbic dopamine system originate in the midbrain and terminate in the

A. nucleus accumbens.

B. substatantia nigra.

C. corpus striatum.

D. basal nuclei.

12. Which of the following is/are a characteristic of GABA as a neurotransmitter?

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. it is inhibitory

C. it opens Cl- channels into the cell

D. it helps control skeletal muscle movements

Explanation / Answer

7. Which.......receptors?

d. All of the above.

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are present in the CNS (specific parts of brain including the mid-brain), autonomic ganglia of the sympathetic and para-sympathetic nervous system as well as the skeletal muscles (at the neuro-muscular junctions).

8. When................opens and

c. Na+ diffuses into and K+ diffuses out of the cell simultaneously

The ion channels allow the movement of both Na+ and K+, however Na+ move into the cell and K+ move out of the cell. However, there is a net flow of positively charged ions in the inward direction.

9. What........acetylcholinesterase?

D. catalyzes hydrolysis of Ach to remove it from the synaptic cleft

Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of the neurostransmitter acetylcholine. This results in the removal of acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft and hence termination of the impulse transmission.

10. Degeneration........ cause

c. severe motor problems

The nigrostriatal dopamine system play important role in the initiation of skeletal movement. When the dopaminergic neurons of this systems undergo degeneration, the person may show symptoms like rigidity, muscle tremors, speech and movement difficulties etc. (as observed in case of Parkinson's disease).

11. Dopaminergic................in the

A. nucleus accumbens

The dopaminergic neurons of mesolimbic dopamine system originate in the mid brain and terminate into a part of fore-brain known as nucleus accumbens. This system is important in behavior and overactivity of the mesolimbic dopamine system may result into schizophrenia.

12. Which............. neurotransmitter?

A. all of the choices are correct

The neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) is inhibitory in nature. It is involved in motor control and it also is responsible for opening of Cl- channels. Deficiency in GABA results in uncontrolled movements.

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