1.) which of the following organs in the body will receive innervation from the
ID: 3473081 • Letter: 1
Question
1.) which of the following organs in the body will receive innervation from the sympathetic nerves only, but not from parasympathetic?
a. Heart
b. Trachea
c. Adrenal gland
d. Urinary bladder
e. Stomach
2.) Which of following is NOT true concerning the retina of the eye?
a. Axons of glanglion cells in this tunic form the optic nerve.
b. Contains photoreceptors called rods and cones.
c. It is the sensory tunic of the eye.
d. Rods are primarily used for day vision, while cones are used for night vision.
e. Rods need Vitamin A for proper activation.
3) Which of the following is true regarding the eye?
a. The cornea is the opaque tunic that anchors the muscles
b. The fovea contains primarily pods.
c. The posterior segment of the eye is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor.
d. The pupils will constrict in reponse to bright light.
e. The sclera is the pigmented area that surronds the pupil.
Explanation / Answer
1.)Ans=C
The following organs are innervated by the sympathetic division only:
-Adrenal medulla
-Arrector pili muscles in skin
-Sweat glands in skin
-Most blood vessels
option A- Heart -- Symathetic innervation through Adrenergic Receptors(alpha and beta)-(from T1-T4/5 of spinal cord)Increase Heart rate and contractility .Parasympatheic innervation(vagus nerve/CNX) through cholinergic receptor(muscarinic and nicotinic)-decrease Heart rate and contracility.
option b--Trachea--Sympathetic innervation-Dialates trahea. Parasympathetic innervation Constricts trachea.
option d--Urinary Bladder-Sympathetic stimulation-Relaxation of detrusor muscle ,Contraction of trigone and sphincter (alpha-1).Parasympathetic stimulation-Contraction of detrusor muscle,Relaxation of trigone and sphincter
option e-Stomach-Sympathetic stimulation-When strongly stimulated, inhibits peristalisis and increased tone of sphincters (alpha-1).Parasympathetic stimulation-(dominant) Increases overall activity.
2.)Ans=D
Rod cell are more suited for night vision as they are more sensitive to light than cones and are more easily stimulated at low lights.
options a.b,c and e are all true. Retina is the sensory layer that collects all the visual information and the axons originating from retina form the optic nerve and transmit those sensory (vision)inputs to the brain.Retina is a multilayered structure and contain rods, cones,ganglion cells.Rods contain Rhodopsin that helps in absorbing light.Rhodopsin=protien complex of Opsin and Retinal ,and retinal is derived from vitamin A.
3.)Ans=D - When bright light hits the eye the pupil will constrict,letting in only the amount of light that is needed for vision.Also bright light (example: looking directly towards Sun) can damage retina,pupilary constriction protects retina by constricting.Conversely in low light, the pupil dialates to let in more light so as to facilitate the vision.
option a-Eye muscles are anchored to Sclera.
option b-Fovea primarily contains Cones and Fovea is essential for Acute Vision(focused vision).
option c-Aqueous Humor-Anterior Chamber. Vitreous Humor-Posterios Chamber.
option e-Pigmented Area that surrounds pupil is Iris.
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