Of course the other half of the fertility equation is the female patient. Again
ID: 3472944 • Letter: O
Question
Of course the other half of the fertility equation is the female patient. Again the place to start is a good history, and hormone tests. The first question is whether the female is ovulating normally. The anterior pituitary releases LH and FSH, just like in the male
An over the counter ovulation test, checks urine for the hormone __________ that causes ovulation.
For that hormone to be high, it must initially respond to higher and higher levels of _______________ from the ovary, in a positive feedback loop. After ovulation, the levels of anterior pituitary hormones decline, but levels of progesterone and estrogen remain high.
Polycystic ovary disease occurs when the woman does not ovulate. Sometimes, they have increased
Androgens, what are they? ____________________________________________________________
An ultrasound shows fluid filled cysts on the ovaries. Ovulation may be achieved with medications.
A Clomiphene (Clomid) Challenge Test is often done to check the level of Ant. Pituitary hormone, _______________________________________________________________________________.
This hormone is responsible for causing a follicle to mature. This test is sometimes said to be checking the “ovarian or egg reserve”. If the levels of this Ant. Pituitary hormone remains high, it means that
the hormones produced by the ovary are ________ because they are in a negative feedback loop after ovulation. This is a sign of menopause.
The ovarian hormones are (3) ___________________________________________________________
Another hormone to check would be Thyroid why does that make sense?
____________________________________________________________________________________
If hormone levels are normal then imaging tests of the ovaries, ducts and uterus follow.
An ultra sound may detect fibroids, what are they? ___________________________________________
Ultrasound may detect hydrosalpinx, what is that? _____________________________________________
And that may suggest scarring of the fallopian tube from pelvic inflammatory disease, PID.
What is PID? ___________________________________________________________________________
Commonly gonorrhea or chlamydia damages the fallopian tubes, making travel impossible for the oocyte.
What is a Transvaginal sonohysterography? ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
What is a Hysteroscopy? ________________________________________________________________
Sometimes if no problems are seen, a Hysterosalpingography is done, where radiopaque dye is places in the cervix and into the fallopian tubes. Radiographs are taken to see if the dye emerges from the fallopian tube. If the dye does leave the fallopian tube, then there is no obstruction present.
Finally, a laparoscopy may be done, which is ______________________________________________
And a doctor can view the external organs. In addition, endometriosis may be seen, which is
__________________________________________________________________As you can see, this may be a difficult problem to solve, but looking at the hormones and anatomy of the couple is key.
Explanation / Answer
1. An over the counter ovulation test, checks urine for the hormone Luteinizing Hormone that causes ovulation.
2. For that hormone to be high, it must initially respond to higher and higher levels of Luteinizing Hormonefrom the ovary,
3. Androgens contain Dehydroepiandrosterone. It is steroid hormone produced by adrenal cortex from cholesterol.
4. A Clomiphene (Clomid) Challenge Test is often done to check the level of Ant. Pituitary hormone, called Follicle Stimulating Hormone. The level of FSH 13-15 mIU/mL.
5. the hormones produced by the ovary are Estrogen and progesteron because they are in a negative feedback loop after ovulation. This is a sign of menopause.
6. Hypothyroidism cause infertility and miscarriage in women.
7. Fibroids are know as myomas, leimyomas or fibromas, that are made of smooth muscles and fibrous connective tissue.
8.Hydrosalpinx are blocked fallopian tube dilated with clear fluid.
9. pelvic inflammatory disease is infection and inflammation in pelvic, fallopian tube, ovaries and cervix. It is the result sexually transmitted diseases.
10. Hysteroscopy is a procedure allows a doctor to look into the neck of the uterus. Hysteroscope is used to diagnose.
11. A laparoscopy is surgical diagnostic procedure to examine the organs of inside the abdomen. It is minimaly invasive procedure.
12. Endometrosis is abnormal growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus. It cause painful periods, persistent pain in the pelvic area, and infertility.
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