1. Katherine randomly assigned 50 students to jog in place while hearing a list

Question

1. Katherine randomly assigned 50 students to jog in place while hearing a list of words and 50 students to sit quietly while they listened to the list of words. She discovered that the group that was jogging performed better on a memory task (t(98)=3.77, p<.005). She goes to her department chair with the results and convinces him to remove all the chairs in the lecture hall so that the students can jog in place while listening to lectures. Student performance does not improve in the new jogging lecture hall.

There is a problem with validity. Which validity is weak in this example?

a. statistical validity

b. construct validity

c. external validity

d. internal validity

2. Dominick has been hired to assess a new version of a college entrance exam. He randomly assigns 100 high school juniors to take the new exam and 100 high school juniors to take the old exam. He then asks them if they thought the exam they took was a good measure of their abilities. He discovers that the participants overwhelmingly agreed that both exams were a good measure of their ability. He reports that the college is free to adopt this new exam as it appears to be comparable to the old exam.

There is a problem with validity. Which validity is weak in this example?

a. statistical validity

b. construct validity

c. external validity

d. internal validity

3. Simon is interested in the effect of emotions on body temperature. He randomly assigns his participants to either pretend that they are very sad or to pretend that they are very angry. He then measures their body temperature. He finds no difference between the two groups (t(34)=0.23, n.s.).

There is a problem with validity. Which validity is weak in this example?

a. statistical validity

b. construct validity

c. external validity

d. internal validity

4. Amanda designs a study to determine if people’s beliefs about perceived dangers are influenced by their recent experiences. She randomly assigns one group of participants to experience a thrilling rollercoaster ride (1 minute duration) while the other group experiences a calm train ride (12 minute duration).   She then asks all the participants to rate their perception of danger in three scenarios. She compares the groups and finds that those who rode the rollercoaster rated the scenarios as statistically significantly more dangerous than those who had ridden the train (t(98)=4.67, p<0.0001).

There is a problem with validity. Which validity is weak in this example?

a. statistical validity

b. construct validity

c. external validity

d. internal validity

5. Chris has been hired to assess a new version of a college entrance exam. He randomly assigns 100 high school juniors to take the new exam and 100 high school juniors to take the old exam. So that the participants were unaware of the two versions, the new exam was administered in the school gym while the old exam was administered in the school auditorium. The students taking the exam in the gym complained about the smell, the temperature and the uncomfortable seats. The students taking the exam in the auditorium made no complaints. Chris calculated a statistically significant difference between the two versions of the exam (t(198)=3.1, p<.005) and concluded that the new exam was not a valid substitute for the old exam.

There is a problem with validity. Which validity is weak in this example?

a. statistical validity

b. construct validity

c. external validity

d. internal validity

Explanation / Answer

1. The correct answer is Option C. There is a problem with external validity in this experiment as Katharine is generalising the results of the memory task to classroom instruction in general.

2. The correct answer is Option B. There is a problem with the construct validity here because Dominic recruits high school students to assess whether it measured their abilities well. He should have infact employed college students.

3. The correct answer is Option A. There is a problem with statistical validity as the sample size is small.

4. The correct answer is Option B. There is a problem with internal validity here as both groups have experiences of different time durations.

Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of a question.

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