QUESTION 1 Which of the following is NOT one of the broad categories of \"gated
ID: 3466582 • Letter: Q
Question
QUESTION 1
Which of the following is NOT one of the broad categories of "gated communities," suggested by Blakely and Snyder?
silicon landscapes
lifestyle communities
prestige communities
security zones
2.85 points
QUESTION 2
According to some critics, towns designed according to New Urbanist ideas are
environmentally friendly
over populated
fake and inauthentic
all of the above
2.9 points
QUESTION 3
Neil Smith links beliefs about the need to develop previously devalued urban land to the ideology of
the suburbs.
urban renewal.
the shock city
the frontier.
2.85 points
QUESTION 4
the public parks movement of the 19th century had its origins in
urban renewal movement
the grid plan
the rural cemetery movement
new urbanism
2.85 points
QUESTION 5
A key symbol of the new urbanism planning movement is the
The big box store
Garden parkways
McMansions
the front porch
2.85 points
QUESTION 6
New Urbanism strives to create communities that enhance
face-to face contact and interaction between people
safety and security
property values
none of the above
2.95 points
QUESTION 7
Jacobs’s notion of “eyes on the street” emphasizes the importance of ________ as a basic defense against crime.
the police
professiona urban planners
informal social control
high technology surveillance
2.85 points
QUESTION 8
The Pruitt-Igoe housing project in St. Louis was built in 1956 as a Le Corbusier-style “radiant city.” By 20 years later the project
had expanded to cover much more area in the city than anyone had ever expected.
had become so successful that it served as a model for other public housing projects.
had deteriorated so much and had become so unsafe that it was demolished.
served as the model for the very similar Stuyvesant Town.
2.85 points
QUESTION 9
Frederick Law Olmsted's vision led to all but ONE of the following.
the development of factory housing for immigrants
the development of elaborate urban parks
the City Beautiful movement
the development of late-19th-century suburbs
2.85 points
QUESTION 10
Advocates of the public-parks movement saw them as
replacing small-town values with the cosmopolitan values of the big city.
important even though they would clearly intensify class antagonisms.
depressing land values on areas adjacent to the parks.
antidotes to moral anarchy, corruption, and vice in urban life.
2.85 points
QUESTION 11
Bourgeois Utopias refers to
radiant cities
19th century suburbs
new urban developments
urban renewal housing projects
all of the above
2.85 points
QUESTION 12
Because of their effects on the Black community, federal urban redevelopment and renewal policies were sometimes called
pro-heterogeneity policies.
"Negro removal."
suburban renewal.
"diminishing diversity developments."
2.85 points
QUESTION 13
Gentrification often leads to
the development of Le Corbusier-type radiant city housing complexes in the gentrified areas.
the displacement of lower-income people and changes in the character of the neighborhood.
a better environment for all people in the neighborhood including those with lower income.
few discernible changes in urban neighborhoods, but much change in suburbs.
2.85 points
QUESTION 14
According to Blakely and Synder, residents of gated communities
are primarily interested in green living
are mostly poor
want control over their homes, their streets and their neighborhoods
are primarily interested in controlling air pollution
2.85 points
QUESTION 15
Historian Robert Fishman suggests that the development of suburbs in the 19th century was largely due to the emergence of a new ideology based on
widespread fear of crime in the cities.
the primacy of the family and domestic life.
the importance of integrating ethnic groups.
a reverence for death also seen in the building of garden cemeteries.
2.85 points
QUESTION 16
According to Duany, Plater- Zyberg, and Speck, the continued emphasis on the private versus the public realm in the United States is clearly seen in the development of two forms of housing, the ________ and the ________.
prestige community; power community
silicon landscape; security zone
heterogeneous home; homogeneous home
McMansion; gated community
2.85 points
QUESTION 17
Putnam suggests that the decline of civil society and the increase of social isolation in America are due to fundamental changes in how people relate to one another and to their decreasing social involvement with neighbors. He sums these trends up with the title of his book,
Bowling Alone.
Experiencing Cities.
All Our Kin.
The Rise and Fall of Front Porches.
2.85 points
QUESTION 18
Florida's notion of a "creative class" refers to people who are attracted to
living in relative anonymity in the cultural areas of the city.
art galleries, museums, and other cultural activities in the city while maintaining residence outside the city in suburbs.
living in areas of the city where they can establish meaningful relationships with other "creative" people like themselves.
sites of the city such as museums, sports arenas, malls, art galleries.
2.85 points
QUESTION 19
the Pruitt-Igoe public housing complex
was designed by Robert Moses
was as environmentally friendly new urban community built in the 1990's
was praised by Jane Jacobs and Robert Putnam
None of the above
2.85 points
QUESTION 20
The "new urbanism" is a development in urban planning that seeks to
get people to reverse migrate from suburbs back to central cities.
build new towns that capture and preserve positive features of historic small towns.
extend boomburgs so that they spread into more and more metropolitan areas.
promote a form of urban renewal based on a concern for social justice and equity.
2.85 points
QUESTION 21
According to Robert Reich refers to the process by which the wealthy withdraw from public life and spatially segregate themselves from people making less money as
the rise of the one percent
the succession of the successful
the rise of the bourgeois utopias
suburbanization of everything
none of the above
2.85 points
QUESTION 22
Joel Garreau coined the term edge city to refer to a suburban area that includes corporate headquarters, industrial parks, shopping malls, and private homes that are surrounded by parking lots and close to highways. The development of edge cities reflects the
reversal of the processes that led to the creation of technoburbs.
shift from a manufacturing economy to a post-industrial, information- and service-oriented economy.
increasing movement of people around the world from rural to urban areas.
desire of more affluent people to move back into cities and thus gentrify them.
2.85 points
QUESTION 23
In her book, Naked City, Zukin argues that Jane Jacobs did not give sufficient attention to
The importance of informal social control
the powers of banks and real estate companies to funnel capital in gentrifying neighborhoods.
loft living.
the positive aspects of gentrification
2.85 points
QUESTION 24
If you were making cultural and quality-of-life arguments and explanations for gentrification, you would be giving ________ arguments.
demand-side
supply-oriented
economic
revanchist
2.85 points
QUESTION 25
Edge Cites are
primarily communities with new immigrant entrepreneurs
bedroom communities where people commute to work in cities
are geographical areas where people work and live with little or no need to travel to cities
new urban communities with lots of public space and parks
2.85 points
QUESTION 26
The key figure in the development of elaborate park systems, the City Beautiful movement, and the development of the late-19th-century suburb was
Lewis Mumford.
Kenneth T. Jackson.
Frederick Law Olmstead.
Robert Fishman.
Morton White.
2.85 points
QUESTION 27
Richard Florida's theory of the creative class differs from standard accounts of urban economic development by suggesting that
higher education plays a key role in economic development.
pro-growth coalitions are essential for urban revitalization.
jobs move to where creative people choose to live because of quality-of-life considerations.
it is crucial to have large-scale industrial restructuring to encourage creative development.
2.85 points
QUESTION 28
Mike Davis argues that a/an ________ led to the increasing criminalization of the behavior of the poor and the retreat of the affluent into gated communities.
enhanced moral order in the suburbs
reduction in crime during the 1990s
ecology of fear
increase of McMansions
2.85 points
QUESTION 29
the residential suburb reached its fullest development in the United States
before World War 1
at the beginning of the nineteenth century
after World War 11
Between the world wars
2.95 points
QUESTION 30
Fishman coined the term technoburb to refer to a peripheral area outside of a city that is a viable economic unit not dependent on the city. Why did he call them technoburbs?
Because these areas grew up around major computer industries and tend to focus on computers.
Because he was influenced by Baumgartner's views and wanted to come up with a term that would reflect her analysis.
Because they were still closely tied to central cities even though they thought that they were not.
Because developments in communications technology made them possible.
2.85 points
QUESTION 31
New urbanism emphasizes racial diversity as a positive social goal. Most new urban communities
include much affordable housing.
lack racial diversity, even though it is an important goal.
are designed for automobile transportation.
do exhibit considerable racial diversity.
2.85 points
QUESTION 32
Among the largest of the social and community costs of gated communities is that they
represent a reversal of historical patterns of zoning which aimed at integration.
add to the cost of new urbanist projects.
exacerbate segregation by race, immigration status, and class.
reduce crime and thus lead to increasing unemployment of police officers.
2.85 points
QUESTION 33
New urbanists argue that
decreasing reliance on automobiles and commuting will hurt American unity.
more gated communities should be built to hasten the privatization of public space.
urban villages, such as those described by Gans, are essential for the further development of the American urban economy.
public space is disappearing as space is increasingly privatized.
2.85 points
QUESTION 34
Redlining,” a policy that denied mortgage funds to many urban communities, especially those containing large minority populations, was
an informal policy of realtors and mortgage bankers that the government fought and opposed for many years.
a government-sponsored policy.
a practice that ended before World War II
developed by the real estate industry without the knowledge or approval of the federal government.
2.85 points
QUESTION 35
Sociologist Nancy Kleniewski sees the development of enclosed enclaves as the result of the suburbanization of everything which has also led to
the increase of public space and a decrease in privatization.
the decline of public space and an increase in privatization.
hyperurbanization and decreasing social capital.
some changes, but no discernible patterns as yet.
2.85 points
a.silicon landscapes
b.lifestyle communities
c.prestige communities
d.security zones
Explanation / Answer
Ans 1 : a) Silicon landscapes
Blakely and snyder in 1997 gave three broad categories of the gated communities which were : lifestyle , prestige and security zones.
Lifestyle communities mainly focusses on the leisure , whereas the prestige communities refer to wealth and status. The security zone communities are the ones that keep public streets away from the non residents.
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