Main Effects and Interactions A researcher wishes to examine whether time of day
ID: 3460762 • Letter: M
Question
Main Effects and Interactions
A researcher wishes to examine whether time of day (morning versus afternoon) affects the memory of older and younger participants. He obtains a sample of 40 older individuals and 40 younger individuals and gives them a passage to read. They are later given a test over the passage (scores on the test could range from 0 to 30). Half of the individuals are randomly assigned to read the passage and take the test in the morning, and the other half do so in the afternoon. The data are reported in the table below (the numbers represent mean test scores for each group).
Morning Testing
Afternoon Testing
Older Adults
M=15
M=8
Younger Adults
M=16
M=20
1.Name one independent variable.
?
2.Is this IV manipulated or not manipulated by the researcher?
?
3.Does this IV represent independent groups or correlated groups?
?
4.How many levels does this IV have?
?
5.Name the other independent variable.
?
6.Is this IV manipulated or not manipulated by the researcher?
?
7.Does this IV represent independent groups or correlated groups?
?
8.How many levels does this IV have?
?
9.Name the dependent variable.
?
10.What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?
?
11.Does there appear to be a main effect of time of day? (Note: You are not given any inferential statistics to be able to definitively determine whether there is a main effect. Examine the means and try to determine if they are different or similar to each other).
?
12.Does there appear to be a main effect of age?
?
13.Does there appear to be an interaction between age and time of day? (Hint: Draw a line graph on some note paper to help you out on this one)
?
14. Describe in words the pattern of results depicted in these data (you do not need to include any statistics).
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Suppose instead, you obtained the following data:
Morning Testing
Afternoon Testing
Older Adults
M=15
M=15
Younger Adults
M=19
M=20
15. Does there appear to be a main effect of time of day?
??
16. Does there appear to be a main effect of age?
??
17. Does there appear to be an interaction between age and time of day? (Hint: Draw a line graph on a separate sheet of paper to help you)
??
Suppose instead, you obtained the following data:
Morning Testing
Afternoon Testing
Older Adults
M=19
M=12
Younger Adults
M=19
M=12
18. Does there appear to be a main effect of time of day?
??
19. Does there appear to be a main effect of age?
??
20. Does there appear to be an interaction between age and time of day? (Hint: Draw a line graph to help you out with this question)
?
Morning Testing
Afternoon Testing
Older Adults
M=15
M=8
Younger Adults
M=16
M=20
Explanation / Answer
1) One independent variable is memory.
2) This independent variable is not manipulated by the researcher.
3) It represents correlated groups.
4) The individual variable has four levels as the memory is recorded 4 times.
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