ple lose the ability to form new memories after experne ncine 27. A condition in
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ple lose the ability to form new memories after experne ncine 27. A condition in which peo injury a. Amnesia b. Anterograde Amnesia c. Retrograde Amnesia d. Semantic Memory 28. A. process by which immediate memories become lasting through long-term storage a. Consolidation b. Prospective Memory c. Retrieval Cue d. Context-Dependent Memory 29. A decreased in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation a. Signal detection theory b. Absolute threshold c. Sensory Adaption d. Transduction 30. The minimal difference in physical stimulation required to detect a difference between sens inputs b. Sensory adaptation c. Sensory receptors d. Sensation 31. An individual 's failure to notice large visual changes in the environment a. Filter Theory b. Retrieval c. Attention d. Change blindness 32. The processing of information so that it can be stored is called: a. Storage b. Encoding c. Memory d. Memory Competition 33. A memory storage system that briefly holds a limited amount of information in awareness a. Working memory b. Chunking c. Schemas d. Short-term storageExplanation / Answer
27. (b) Anterograde Amnesia
Amnesia is a partial or total loss of memory.
Anterograde amnesia is the loss of the ability to create new memories, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, even though long-term memories from before the event which caused the amnesia remain intact. Sufferers may therefore repeat comments or questions several times, for example, or fail to recognize people they met just minutes before.
Sufferers from anterograde amnesia usually only lose declarative memory (the recollection of facts), but they retain non-declarative or procedural memory (the learning of skills and habits).
For instance, they may be able to remember or learn how to do things, such as talking on the phone or riding a bicycle, but they may not remember what they had eaten for lunch earlier that day.
28. (a) Consolidation
Memory consolidation is the process where our brains convert short-term memories into long-term ones. We only store short-term memories for about 30 seconds, so if we're ever going to remember anything, all that information has to be moved into long-term memory.
Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes,
synaptic consolidation, which is synonymous with late-phase long-term potentiation and occurs within the first few hours after learning, and
systems consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years.
29. (c) Sensory Adaptation
Sensory adaptation refers to a reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus after constant exposure to it. While sensory adaptation reduces our awareness of a constant stimulus, it helps free up our attention and resources to attend to other stimuli in the environment around us. All five of our senses are constantly adjusting to what's around us, as well as to us individually and what we are experiencing, such as aging or disease.
Through the process of sensory adaptation, sensory systems become less sensitive to constant or unchanging stimuli. When you are wearing a new wristwatch or ring, you may at first be aware of the sensation of pressure on your skin, but after a while you no longer notice it.
30. (a) Difference Threshold
It is the smallest amount by which a stimulus can be changed and the difference be detected half the time.
Quite Simply,
Examples of Just Noticeable Differences
31. (d) Change Blindness
Change blindness is a phenomenon where people fail to notice substantial changes to a visual scene.
Change blindness describes the phenomenon when observers fail to notice changes in their visual field. Because the brain has to process so much information it cannot detect every change that occurs. Observers will fail to notice large changes or omissions in their field of vision.
Change blindness has provided insights into the nature of visual attention, it has also provided insights into other aspects of visual perception and the role that attention plays in them.
32.(b) Encoding
Encoding is the process by which we translate information collected from the outside world by our sensory organs into mental representations.
The process of breaking the information down into a form we understand is the process of encoding (and we later "decode" the information to recall it). But the process of getting into the memory system for storage and later retrieval is encoding.
33 (a) Working memory
Short-term (recent) memory.
Working memory is a system for temporarily storing and managing the information required to carry out complex cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension. Working memory is involved in the selection, initiation, and termination of information-processing functions such as encoding, storing, and retrieving data.
Working memory is a theoretical framework that refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information.
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