1. Mr. Byrne can\'t understand why scolding his seventhgrade students for disrup
ID: 3454239 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Mr. Byrne can't understand why scolding his seventhgrade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr. Byrne's predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles. Show how he could use operant conditioning techniques to (a) reduce disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors. Essay
2. (a) How would you classically condition an adventuresome 2-year-old to be more fearful of running across a busy street near her house? (b) How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbor's friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US, CS, UR, and CR in both answers.
Explanation / Answer
Section 1.
What is operant conditioning -----------
Operant conditioning was coined by behaviorist B.F. Skinner, it is also referred to as Skinnerian conditioning. As a behaviorist, Skinner believed that it was not really necessary to look at internal thoughts and motivations in order to explain behavior. Instead, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behavior. Operant conditioning relies on a simple premise - actions that are followed by reinforcement will be strengthened and more likely to occur again in the future. Example--- If you tell a funny story in class and everybody laughs, you will probably be more likely to tell that story again in the future. Likewise the law of effect ( According to this law, actions that are followed by desirable outcomes are more likely to be repeated while those followed by undesirable outcomes are less likely to be repeated ), is applicable for the 1 section of question.
(a) Reduce disruptive behaviors ---------- Let's uderstand with the example.
(b) Increase cooperative behaviors -------------
Section 2.
(a). Classicaliy condition, is a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. To condition the 2-year-old to be more fearful of running across a busy street, it must have stimuli to associate with not going into the street. Like wise, the child should associate the street environment with thought such as, the street environment is full of pollution because of heavy vehicals, to aware the child. If the child inhale such amount of pollution every time from the street, he will soon become sick and allowed to have ice-cream and chocklets. For this child will soon become fearful of the street, and associate the street with is a punishment like taking out the waste.
(b). Same as the case with the child in the street, we use CS, US, CR, and UR, but possitevely. As the child afraid of neighbor's friendly dog, should also have stimuli to associate with the dog. This should be positive stimuli, like a positive feeling. It maybe giving the child a piece of Chocolate or a reward when they interact with a dog.
Autometically, the child will enjoy playing and associate the good feeling neighbor's friendly dog in response of getting a treat, while playing with the dog.
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