8. Ethan, a three year old, asks his mom to \"really hungry.\" On the basis of t
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8. Ethan, a three year old, asks his mom to "really hungry." On the basis of this example, it is most appropriate to conclude that Ethan a. understands object permanence b. does not understand object permanence c understands conservation d. does not understand conservation cut a pizza pic into twelve rather than eight pieces because he is 29. What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the "strange situation a. the nature of gestural communication between mothers and babies b. aspects of purposeful exploration as the baby investigates a strange environment parental discipline styles in the first year of life d. the nature of attachment between caretakers and babies 30. Mary Ainsworth observed that securely attached infants a. do not seem to care when the mother leaves the room and do not scek her out on her return b. protest loudly when the mother leaves, but resist contact with her when she returns c. cry if the mother leaves the room, are easily soothed, and welcome her back when she returns d. are not concerned upon separation, but cry to be picked up and held on her return 31. Mothers who were unresponsive, insensitive, and coldly rejecting were associated with infants. a. securely attached b. avoidant attached c. ambivalent d. disorganized disoriented 32. Which of the following stages of psychosocial development appears in adulthood rather than in childhood? a. initiative vs. doube b. integrity vs. despair c. industry vs. inferiority d. basic trust vs. mistrust 33. The growth spurt for girls typically begins at what age? b. 12 c. 10 d. 15 Mary is an adolescent who currently has a small pimple on her cheek that is causing her to be overly self- conscious. She is convinced that everyone she meets stares at and talks about her pimple. Mary's behavior exhibits a. a sense of idealism b. imaginary audience c. personal fable d. puberty 34. 35. Which of the following cognitive abilities declines during adulthood? a intellectual abilities b. speed of processing c. wisdom d. verbal abilityExplanation / Answer
28.d. doesnot understand conservation. Ethan is a 3 year old child. According to Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development, he belongs to Pre-operational stage(2-7 years), in which childs mode of thinking is quite illogical. His thinking is imaginative and far removed from reality. Conservation is a logical thinking ability which is not present in this age group. Conservation presents in concrete operational stage(7-12 years). Here, he thinks that if pizza is cutting into twelve piece rather than eight piece, he will get more pizzas to compensate his hunger.
29. d. nature of attachment between caretakers and babies. Mary Ainsworth devised an experiement called strange situation to determine nature of attachment behaviour and styles of attachment among infants of 12-18 months
30.c. cry if mother leaves the room, are easily soothed, and welcome her back when she returns. Mary Ainsworth devised an experiement called strange situation to determine nature of attachment behaviour and styles of attachment among infants of 12-18 months. She identified three main attachment styles among them such as secure type, insecure avoidant type and insecure resistant type. Those securely attached infants were distressed when mother leaves, avided strangers, and were positive and happy when mother returned back. hence, opiton is c.
31. b. avoidant attached. Mary Ainsworth identified three main attachment styles among them such as secure type, insecure avoidant type and insecure resistant type. Avoidant children think themselves unworthy, and unacceptable caused by rejection from primary care giver for instance mother. Such infants feels their mothers are unresponsive, unloved, and rejecting them. So answer is option b.
32. b. integrity Vs despair. According to Erik Ericksons psychosocial stages of development, old age adults(65 years onwards) falls in the stage of Integrity Vs Despair. Integrity is achieved when individual have successfully completed task of other stages.Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death. They accept responsibility for the way they have lived and accept the finality of death.Those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. They feel that they want second chance in life.
Other given opitons are belongs to childhood stages.
33. c. 10 years. Growth spurt refers to period of rapid physical growth that occurs in boys and girls. Growth spurt in girls typically begins at the age of 10-11 years.
34.b. Imaginary audience. It refers to a state where she imagines and believes that multitude of people are watching her and discussiing. it happens in adolescent age group.
35. b. speed of processing. Cognitive processing speed gets decline in midadulthood life onwards. The cognitive ability of a person to do some mental task gets reduced in adulthood life.
21. b. episodic; autobiographical. Episodic memory is the memory related to our personal affairs like name, qualification, date of birth and personal experiences. This memory is connected with episodes of events. It is a record of what happened to us, our remembrance of past things.A specific form would be an autobiographical memory. It is a memory that contains information about self and is more on personal experiences. Hence jesses memory is option b
22. b. serial posiiton effect. It refers to the ability to remember things at the beginning and at the end of a list.
23. b. newer information interferes with retrieval of older information. Retroactive inhibition is a technical name for new learning interfering with material previously learned. This is a backward effect
24. b. embryonic. Embryonic week starts from 2-8 weeks during which embryo develops major physical structures such as heart, nervous system, limbs etc
25. c. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operations. Jean Piaget(1970), a cognitive psychologist has developed theory of cognitive development, in which he has mentioned 4 stages for the development of thinking among children. The stages are sensorimotor(birth-2 years), preoperational(2-7 years old), concrete operational(7-11 years), formal operations(adolescent-adulthood)
26. b. sensorimotor. During this stage, the child interacts with his environment through sensory and motor activities. He just starts reflex actions to the external stimuli named as sucking, looking, reaching and grasping
27. b. preoperational. During this stage, the child learns language and sensory-motor operations are replaced by words. His interaction with people and objects will be through language. Their thinking is imaginative and far removed from reality. They are unable to distinguish between living and non-living objects. They lack coservation, so he might felt that he has less clay now.
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