Murray made a list of 20 needs (primary, secondary, reactive, and proactive need
ID: 3453747 • Letter: M
Question
Murray made a list of 20 needs (primary, secondary, reactive, and proactive needs) that people have in their lives. Design a list of five (5) secondary needs you believe people need. Now justify your decision on why you would include each need you listed.
Murray outlined in his research the need for affiliation and the need for achievement. Describe and outline what would be two advantages and two disadvantages in having a high need for affiliation and a high need for achievement?
Murray had an interesting take on the issue of the role of tension in life—describe what Murray said about the role of tension in the development of personality. Why should we or should we not desire a life free of tension?
Explanation / Answer
According to Henry Murray personality changes in terms of needs. Specific needs differentiates person to person, if not fulfilled then creates frustation or psychological pain. Murray has underwent intensive study of 11subjects to arrive at a list of 20 needs. According to Murray a person needs to be creative & imaginative to compose new things in his or her life or in other words if the person wants to be psychologically healthy. Creative imagination leads to invention and may be considered as a strongest feature of a personality but unfortunately it doesn't get that much exposure to express itself. The theries of personality based upon needs suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs. Unlike primary needs secondary needs are more psychological in nature such as need for over all development in life, achievement, recognition & independence including craving for having dominance in society. for example: 1. provision of job security in workplace- for having mental health in sound condition job security is essential.2. need for gainning recognition & self respect- every human desires to be respected & valued by others. one has to engage themselves to gain recognition in society.3. obeying & cooperating with others- taking care of the interest of others & adherence of rules defined by law is also essential. 4. To play & having fun with others: it is also a critical affection need of all. 5. need for gaining knowledge to develop overall personality- It's a natural need of every person to gain information & knowledge about the world that surrounds them. Some people want to achieve high standards & success in life.Such people should be given tasks & powers so that they can utilize their potential more effectively. Advantages- 1. people with high need for power get satisfaction from being in position of influence & control. 2. Some people desire for friendly & emotional interpersonal relationships, they are interested in jobs that provides oppurtunity for them for social interaction. In this way they can serve society in a betterway. Disadvantages-1. desire to control work situations sometimes leads to stress which is harmful . 2. There is no direct cause and effect relationship between need & behavior. One particular need may cause different types of behavior in different persons. Different persons behave in a different manner in the face of stress. Even emotional & cognitive reaction also differs from person to person. Experiencing something unusual or surprising causes stress or tension. Sometimes its also arises when oppsite happens of what we have expected in a particular situation. Researchers found that sometimes stress can lead to positive encouragement for example: when we are feeling sad or anxious, we may get more attention & also gain sympathe from our family members.
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