4)The view that humans learn language through various aspects of the social envi
ID: 3452999 • Letter: 4
Question
4)The view that humans learn language through various aspects of the social environment reflects which account of language acquisition?
Select one:
a. social pragmatics
b. general cognitive processing
c. operant conditioning
d. classical conditioning
e. behavioral learning theory
5)Match the following examples with the corresponding component of classical conditioning.
An individual experiences fear during a horror film about a murderer, but realizes this fear is different than the fear that would be experienced if faced with a real murderer or threat
An individual is bit by a specific breed of dog, and associates all dogs with that experience, thus reacting with fear to all dogs
An individual who associated dogs with being bitten gradually stopped feeling afraid around dogs, but then suddenly experienced intense fear when he came across a dog that looked just like the one that bit him previously
After a car accident, an individual gradually stops feeling afraid while driving when he does not have another accident
An individual eats lunch everyday immediate after a social studies class, and eventually begins to associate the class with lunch. After a few weeks, the individual begins to experience hunger during social studies, even when the class is moved to a later time
6)Which type of conditioning works best i.e., what is the most effective and why?
Select one:
b. Extinction, because it focuses on preventing the information from being forgotten
c. Acquisition, because it focuses on remembering what is learned
d. Neither, because everyone forgets things no matter how they are learned
e. Effectiveness of each depends on the individual, what is being learned, and the context in which the learning occurs
f. Classical conditioning, because the learned associations do not go away
7)Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Select one:
a. Allowing students homework passes if they work hard during class.
c. Taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules.
d. Giving a child candy for completing their homework.
8)What is the difference between the discrete emotions theory and the cognitive theories of emotion?
Select one:
a. They both agree that emotions are biological in nature, and support successful evolution, but they disagree how this happens
b. The discrete emotions theory suggests that emotions are less visible than the cognitive theories of emotion
c. The cognitive theories of emotion suggest that cognition/thought is a key factor in emotions, while the discrete emotions theory suggests that emotions are innate and automatic
d. The cognitive theories of emotion suggests that individuals experience emotions automatically, while the discrete emotions theory suggests that emotions must be discussed
e. The cognitive theories of emotion suggest that humans are born with all of our emotions, while the discrete emotion theory suggests that some emotions are learned
9)One of the leading reasons for the conviction of innocent persons is
Select one:
b. racial prejudice.
c. police corruption.
d. faulty eyewitness identification.
An individual experiences fear during a horror film about a murderer, but realizes this fear is different than the fear that would be experienced if faced with a real murderer or threat
Answer 1Choose...stimulus generalizationspontaneous recoverystimulus discriminationAcquisitionextinctionAn individual is bit by a specific breed of dog, and associates all dogs with that experience, thus reacting with fear to all dogs
Answer 2Choose...stimulus generalizationspontaneous recoverystimulus discriminationAcquisitionextinctionAn individual who associated dogs with being bitten gradually stopped feeling afraid around dogs, but then suddenly experienced intense fear when he came across a dog that looked just like the one that bit him previously
Answer 3Choose...stimulus generalizationspontaneous recoverystimulus discriminationAcquisitionextinctionAfter a car accident, an individual gradually stops feeling afraid while driving when he does not have another accident
Answer 4Choose...stimulus generalizationspontaneous recoverystimulus discriminationAcquisitionextinctionAn individual eats lunch everyday immediate after a social studies class, and eventually begins to associate the class with lunch. After a few weeks, the individual begins to experience hunger during social studies, even when the class is moved to a later time
Answer 5Choose...stimulus generalizationspontaneous recoverystimulus discriminationAcquisitionextinction
Explanation / Answer
4. a. Social pragmatics
6. e. Effectiveness of each depends on the individual, what is being learned, and the context in which the learning occurs; there is no hard and fast rule that the learning would prevail, as soon as the revision of the stimulus is absent the learning is extinguished.
7. d. giving a child candy for the homework being completed. This is done after the desired behavior is displayed
8. c. The cognitive theories of emotion suggest that cognition/thought is a key factor in emotions, while the discrete emotions theory suggests that emotions are innate and automatic; according to this theory emotions are considered to be that one actor that are constant in all conspecifics despite cultural differences, hence innate.
9. d. Faulty eyewitness identification; it has a rate of 75%
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