Which of the following statements concerning decarboxylation reactions is FALSE?

Question

Which of the following statements concerning decarboxylation reactions is FALSE?

A)They are one type of general reaction that occurs during aerobic respiration.

B)They involve the removal of two protons and two electrons.

C)They occur as part of the citric acid cycle.

D)They produce CO2 that is then exhaled via breathing.

E)They involve the removal of a carboxyl group (-COOH) from a substrate.

Which of the following terms would you associate with lactate fermentation?

A)NADPH

B)glycolysis

C)ethanol

D)citric acid cycle

E)electron transport chain

Under what conditions may adaptive radiation occur?
A)when islands are colonized

B)after the demise of a successful group of organisms

C)after the emergence of new physiological pathways

D)when organisms move into new adaptive zones

E)all of the above

Which of the following does NOT apply to electrochemical gradients?

A)There is a difference in the concentration of ions between the two sides of the membrane.

B)There is a difference in the electrical charge between the two sides of the membrane.

C)There is a difference in the electrical charge but not in the concentration of ions between the two sides of the membrane.

D)The energy of the gradient can be used for a number of purposes.

E)Nerve impulses are based on electrochemical gradients.

Explanation / Answer

1)

They involve the removal of two protons and two electrons is statement false about decarboxylation reaction. Option B is correct.

2)

Glycolysis is associated with lactate fermentation. In absence of oxygen, the pyruvate resulted in glycolysis is converted to lactic acid. Option B is correct.

3)

Adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges and opens environmental niches. Adaptive radiation is a phenomenon when a new habitat is occupied by a species and it adapts to environmental conditions and sucessfully produces its progeny and adaptive radiation is also observed when the long established species undergo extinction and newly emerging species become dominant over there. The option E is correct.

4)

Electrochemical gradient is the transport of ions or solutes across the membrane basing on the differences between their electric charges as well as the chemical concentration. Hence option C is incorrect.

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