This study investigated whether corporal punishment when the child was 2 years o

Question

This study investigated whether corporal punishment when the child was 2 years old predicted child externalizing behaviors a year later, and whether or not this association was moderated by parents’ observed behavior toward their child. Data came from 218 couples and their firstborn child. The frequency of fathers’ corporal punishment when the child was 2 years old predicted child externalizing behaviors a year later, while controlling for initial levels of child externalizing behaviors. Also, observed positive and harsh parenting moderated the relationship between corporal punishment and child externalizing behaviors. These results highlight the importance of continuing to examine the effects of a commonly used form of discipline (i.e., corporal punishment) and the parental climate in which it is used.

In the following, identify the predictor variable, the dependent variable, and the moderator.

Explanation / Answer

1. Predictor variable: corporal punishment.

2. Dependent variable: externalising behaviours.

3. Moderator: observed parenting.

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