1) Emotion researchers have disagreed about whether emotional responses occur in
ID: 3444611 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Emotion researchers have disagreed about whether emotional responses occur in the absence of cognitive processing. How would you characterize the approach of the following researchers: Zanjonc, LeDoux, Lazarus, Schacter, and Singer?
2) According to Schacter and Singer, two factors lead to our experience of emotion. What are they? Give an example of a stimulus and response using this two factor model.
3)
Theories of Emotion
STEP 1: Using a stimulus of your choosing (not one found in your text) demonstrate the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter-Singer, and cognitive-mediational theories of emotion. Describe each in just a few sentences.
Criteria Ratings Points James-Lange Theory Demonstrates an understanding of the James-Lange theory and provides an appropriate example Provides an example of the James-Lange Theory but it is not clearly explained Does not demonstrate understanding of the James-Lange Theory __/5 Cannon-Bard Theory Demonstrates an understanding of the Cannon-Bard Theory theory and provides an appropriate example Provides an example of the Cannon-Bard Theory but it is not clearly explained Does not demonstrate understanding of the Cannon-Bard Theory __/5 Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory Demonstrates an understanding of the Schachter-Singer theory and provides an appropriate example Provides an example of the Schachter-Singer Theory but it is not clearly explained Does not demonstrate understanding of the Schachter-Singer Theory __/5 Cognitive-mediational Theory Demonstrates an understanding of the Cognitive-mediational Theory theory and provides an appropriate example Provides an example of the Cognitive-mediational Theory but it is not clearly explained Does not demonstrate understanding of the Cognitive-mediational Theory __/5 Total: __/20Explanation / Answer
2. According to researchers Stanley Schacter and Jerome E. Singer, emotion is based on two factors namely physiological arousal to a stimulus and cognitive labelling of the arousal. It emerged as a reaction to the Previous James Lang theory and Cannon- Bard theory of emotion and postulated that emotions are more complex than a mere inner action of the nervous system and involve complex mental processes such as those of memory, heuristic thinking, etc. Thus, the Schacter-Singer hypothesis is also called the two factor theory of emotion. As mentioned before, The first factor is a physiological response to the environment. Thus for instance, when we are appproached by a stranger with a gun then we may experience an increase in our heart rate, and palpitation and we may then interpret the situation as a dangerous one. We then become aware of our own feelings and recognise that we may be experiencing the emotion of fear in response to the danger posed by the stranger. However, we may also experience a racing heart beat when we see a person whom we are physically attracted to but then we interpret our physiological response as a result of the emotion of love and not fear. Thus, the Schacter-Singer theory helps to address how same physiological reactions can lead to different emotional responses through the medium of the second factor of cognitive interpretation of the situation.
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