1) What was the central research question or hypothesis of the study? If it was
ID: 3443253 • Letter: 1
Question
1) What was the central research question or hypothesis of the study? If it was a question, what type of question was it?2) Identify the method that was used and provide any relevant details about how the study was executed.
3) Describe the participants. (how many? demographic details? how were they recruited? what inclusion criteria did they meet?)
4) What type of data was collected?
5) How were the data analyzed? (If statistical analyses were used, it will suffice as an answer to say, 'the data were analyzed with statistical procedures)
6) What were the main results of the study?
7) What did the researcher(s) conclude?
8) Provide an assessment of the internal and external validity of this study. Indian 1 Physiel Pharmacel 2008: 52(2):197-200 SHORT COMMUNICATION IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF RIGHT AND LEFT NOSTRIL BREATHING ON VERBAL AND SPATIAL SCORES MEESHA JOSHI AND SHIRLEY TELLES Swami Vivekananda Yoga Research Foundation Bangalore 560 019 (Received November 11. 2007 Abstract The immediate effect of two yoga breathing techaiques was assessed on verbal and spatial memery tasks, censidered hemisphere-specific Forty-five participants (24 males; age range 20 to 45 years (mean age 271±8.1 years) were randomly allocated te three groups (n-15 each) and were assessed immediately before and after 45 minutes of three breathing practices ie, right sostril yoga breathing left sostril yoga breathing, or breath awareness as a control intervention Spatial memory scores increased after left nestril yogs beeathing compared to before (by 16 percent, P-0.03, paired t-test) Hence, breathing threugh the left mostril increased performance in a spatial cognitive task hemisphere contralateral to the patent sostril. orresponding to the eerebral Key words Yega volustarily regulated breathingsata memory verbal menery INTRODUCTION phases of the nasal cycle was first studied in eight subjects who were asked to perform The nasal cyele is characterized by verbal and spatial tasks every 15 minutes alternating patency of the nostrils every two to eight hours (I), with a rhythmic and mostril dominance brought about changes in for eight hours (3). Spontaneous changes in in the autonomic cognitive performance. The best performance nervous system and cerebral activity (2). on the verbal task was 180 degrees out of Alternating cerebravity facilitates phase with the best performance on the performance in cerebral hemisphere specific spatial task tasks along with relatively greater EEG amplitudes recorded contralateral to the dominant nostril Similar results were reported with unilateral foreed nostril breathing. A study on undergraduate students who practiced Alternating cognitive performance with forced left uni-nostril breathing showed Corresponding Auther:Dr. Shirley Telles. Ph D Patanjali Yogpeeth, Maharishi Gayanand Gram. New Delhi Haridwar Highway. B.kadrabad. Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -249 40S Telephose: 91-01334-24480s Telefax:91-01334-244805
Explanation / Answer
The central question in this research study was finding the effect of right and left nostril breathing on the verbal and spatial scores. This was a question that was quantitative and could be addressed by experimental studies.
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