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Let H and K be two subgroups of a group G. We define a HK as a subset of G as HK

ID: 3404124 • Letter: L

Question

Let H and K be two subgroups of a group G. We define a HK as a subset of G as HK = {hk|h H, k K}. Show that if HK = G, H K = {e} and hk = kh, h H, k K, then H × K is isomorphic to G. Let H and K be two subgroups of a group G. We define a HK as a subset of G as HK = {hk|h H, k K}. Show that if HK = G, H K = {e} and hk = kh, h H, k K, then H × K is isomorphic to G. Let H and K be two subgroups of a group G. We define a HK as a subset of G as HK = {hk|h H, k K}. Show that if HK = G, H K = {e} and hk = kh, h H, k K, then H × K is isomorphic to G.

Explanation / Answer

First show that hkh-1k-1=e for all hH, kK. Then show that the function

f:H×KG given by f(h, k) =hk is a group isomorphism.

For all hH, kK, we have

hkh-1k-1= (hkh-1)k-1=h(kh-1k-1)HK

so hkh-1k-1=e

. This means that hk=kh

Now prove that f is an isomorphism,

For h, h'H and k, k'K, we compute:

f(h, k)·f(h', k') = (hk)(h'k')

                   = h(kh')k'

                   = h(h'k)k'

                   = (hh')(kk')

                   = f(hh', kk')

                   = f((h, k)·(h', k'))

Hence f is a homomorphism. Since HK=G, any element gG

may be written as g=hk for some hH, kK, and

f(h, k) =hk = g, so f is surjective. Finally, if (h, k)ker f, then hk=e, so

h=k-1HK={e}, so (h, k) = (e, e). Hence f is injective.

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