According to Mendelian genetics, a recessive trait will appear in an offspring i

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According to Mendelian genetics, a recessive trait will appear in an offspring if and only if both parents contribute a recessive gene. If each parent has a dominant and a recessive gene, then the probability that their offspring will display the recessive trait is 1/4. The following questions assume a population of offspring bred from parents with one dominant and one recessive gene for each of the two traits considered. A certain strain of tomato is either tall (dominant trait) or dwarf (recessive trait). The same strain has either cut leaves (dominant trait) or potato leaves (recessive trait). Let E_1 denote tall cut-leaf offspring, let E_2 denote tall potato-leaf offspring, let E_3 denote dwarf cut-leaf offspring, and let E_4 denote dwarf potato-leaf offspring. Assuming that the traits are independent, compute the probability of each E_j. In 1931, J. W. MacArthur reported experimental results for n = 1611 offspring.^4 MacArthur observed o_1 = 926, o_2 = 288, o_3 = 293, and o_4 = 104. Use these data to test the correctness of the cell probabilities computed in part (a).

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