An investigator wanted to determine whether vitamin deficiency was associated wi

Question

An investigator wanted to determine whether vitamin deficiency was associated with birth defects. By reviewing the birth certificates during a single year in a large U.S. county, the researcher located all 200 infants born with neural tube defects (NTDs). A total of 600 other births without NTD were selected at random from the certificates in the some county. Mothers were given a dietary questionnaire about supplementary vitamins use during pregnancy. Among mothers who gave birth to an infant with an NTD, 80 reported no use of supplementary vitamins; a total of 160 control mothers reported not using supplementary vitamins. Which of the following biases or procedures is most likely to affect the findings of this study? A. Selection bias B. Cohort effect bias C. Randomization bias D. Differential follow-up bias E. Recall bias

Explanation / Answer

If we are looking for a particular disease and we are more likely to find it in a certain group (Neural tube defects (NTD) in infants, whose mothers are not using supplementry vitamins during pregnancy). Therefore, the odds ratio will be skewed because we are more likely for Neural tube defects in infants, whose mothers are not using supplementry vitamins during pregnancy. This type of bias is nothing but DIFFERENTIAL FOLLOW-UP BIAS.

In this study, the bias is DIFFERENTIAL FOLLOW-UP BIAS.

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