Question
Quiz Questions. ECON301 Fall 2017 Which of the following are true about the meaning of the counterfactual? (Select all that apply.) a- The counterfactual cannot be directly observed b- The counterfactual refers to facts that surround a causal statement, in other words, the 1. assumptions or facts that we keep in the back of our minds when thinking of possible chains of causality c Sometimes the counterfactual occurs, sometimes it does not occur d- By definition, the counterfactual did not occur, since it refers to the state of the world that we would have observed absent a specific cause or program or condition 2· The Rubin-Causal model begins by outlining all possible with associated a- Actions (take pill, receive income assistance, etc.); outcomes b- Units (individuals, households, etc.); outcomes c- Action-unit pairs ; outcomes d- Action-unit pairs ; treatment-control designations 3. Which of the following describes what is known as the "fundamental problem of causality"? Determining the direction of causality is often difficult a- b- Isolating a causal effect requires comparing something that we see, with something we do not see (the counterfactual) c You can never be sure whether a relationship is a correlation or a causal relationship d- It is impossible to account for all possible conditions/characteristics/variables that might impact the outcome of interest 4. Which of the following examples might violate the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA)? (Select all that apply.) medication, which could have some benefits that spill over to other children with others in their village who change their behavior in response a- An experiment where the treatment is that some children are provided deworming b-An experiment with a control group and three treatment arms c- An experiment where the treatment group is provided with information, which they share An experiment where individuals are assigned to a treatment group, but then moved over e- to the control group midway for administrative reasons a- The bias that is introduced when researchers select which outcomes to measure and include b- There could be underlying differences between those in the treatment and those in the c- Treatment effects are different across individuals in the treatment group 5. Which of the following correctly describes selection bias? in econometric models
Explanation / Answer
1) b. The counterfactual refers to facts that sourrended a casual statement, in other words, the assumpii or facts that we keep in the back of our minds when thinking of possible chains of casuality.
2)a. Action take pill receive income assistance as outcome.
3)b. Isolating a casual effect requires comparing something that we see , with something we do not see.
4)a.An experiment where the treatment is that some children are provided deworming medication. Which could have some benefits that spill over other children.
5)b.There could be underlying difference between those in treatments and those in the control group.
