A child psychologist treats four children who are afraid of snakes with a behavi

Question

A child psychologist treats four children who are afraid of snakes with a behavioral modification procedure called systematic desensitization. In this procedure, children were slowly introduced to a snake over four treatment sessions. Children rated how fearful they are of the snake before the first session (baseline) and following each treatment session. Higher ratings indicated greater fear. The hypothetical data are listed in the table.

(a) Complete the F-table. (Round your value for F to two decimal places.)

(b) Compute a Bonferroni procedure and interpret the results. (Assume experimentwise alpha equal to 0.05.)

Ratings of fear significantly decreased from Session 1 to Session 4.

Ratings of fear also significantly decreased from Session 2 to Session 4.

Ratings of fear significantly decreased from baseline to Session 4.    

Ratings of fear significantly decreased from baseline to Session 3.

Ratings of fear also significantly decreased from baseline to Session 4.

None of the pairwise comparisons are significant.

Ratings of fear significantly decreased from baseline to Session 3.

Ratings of fear also significantly decreased from Session 1 to Session 4.

Sessions Baseline 1 2 3 4 7 7 5 4 3 7 6 6 4 4 6 6 7 7 3 7 7 5 4 3

Explanation / Answer

(a)

(b) bonferroni procedure for calculation of least significant difference (lsd),

there are 5C2=10 pair of comparison for session and baseline each. so lsd for each baseline and session will be as

lsd=sqrt(2*mse/r)*t(alpah/10,error df)=(2*0.9/4)*t(0.05/10,12)=(2*0.9/4)*3.43=1.54

difference between baseline and session4 =3.25 are more than lsd=1.6

right choice is Ratings of fear significantly decreased from baseline to Session 4.

follwoing information has been generated using ms-excel

ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F between pesons 1.2 3 0.4 0.444444 between group 32.8 4 8.2 9.111111 Error 10.8 12 0.9 Total 44.8 19

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