Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a

Question

Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a second (0.5 seconds). To demonstrate this type of memory, participants were shown three rows of four letters for 50 milliseconds. They were then asked to recall as many letters as possible, with a 0-, 0.5-, or 1.0-second delay before responding. Researchers hypothesized that longer delays would result in poorer recall. The number of letters correctly recalled is given in the table.

(a) Complete the F-table. (Round your values for MS and F to two decimal places.)

(b) Compute Tukey's HSD post hoc test and interpret the results. (Assume alpha equal to 0.05. Round your answer to two decimal places.)

The critical value is   for each pairwise comparison.

Which of the comparisons had significant differences? (Select all that apply.)Recall following a half second delay was significantly different from recall following a one second delay.Recall following no delay was significantly different from recall following a one second delay.Recall following no delay was significantly different from recall following a half second delay.The null hypothesis of no difference should be retained because none of the pairwise comparisons demonstrate a significant difference.

Delay Before Recall 0 0.5 1 7 3 7 7 11 5 10 8 3 8 4 2 11 4 3 11 6 4

Explanation / Answer

Here summary of group means are

Here ANOVA tableis

(b) Tukey's HSD post hoc test

Here for Pairs

(i) Delay 0 sec and delay 0.5 secs  (mean difference ) = 9 - 6 = 3

(ii) Delay 0 sec and delay 1 secs  (mean difference ) = 9 - 4 = 5

(iii) Delay 0.5 sec and delay 1 secs  (mean difference ) = 6 - 4 = 2

Critical Values of Studentized Range Distribution checking it for dF = 15 and k = 3 and alpha = 0.05

The critical Q - value for means is Qcritical (HSD) = 3.673

so Q(HSD) = Qcr sqrt [ MSW/n] = 3.673 * sqrt [ 5.667/ 6] = 3.57

so here only 0 sec and 1 sec delay are different only . Recall following no delay was significantly different from recall following a one second delay.

Groups Count Sum Average Variance 0 6 54 9 3.6 0.5 6 36 6 9.2 1 6 24 4 3.2

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