27 The sampling distribution of Xi-Xo has a standard deviation referred to as th

Question

27 The sampling distribution of Xi-Xo has a standard deviation referred to as the (13) f the difference between sample means. T he standard error is a rough measure of the average amoumt which any difference between sample means deviates from the difference between (14) that the two populations are (16 confidence interval is The size of the standard error decreases as the sample size (1s) Before the t ratio can be calculated, the standard error must be estimated. The t lest assumes contidence interv al may be constructed for the difference between population means. The a range of values that, in the long run, includes the unknown difference between values appear in a population means a certain percent of the time if both positive and negative interval, no single interpretation is possible. The inclusion of a zero value in the range indicates that the variable being st udied may have (17) The t test for two independent samples assumes thal both underlying populations are (18) variances. If sample sizes are (20) and have (19) and violations of these assumptions vill be of little concern. populations. The pooled variance estimate is the most accurate estimate of the variance (assumed to be the same for both populations) based on a combination of the two sample variances. The degrees of The pooled variance estimate can be obtained by combining the variance common to both freedom for the pooled variance estimate equal the sum of the two sample sizes minus two. Two degrees of freedom are lost because the (21) in each of the two samples are expressed as (22) fhom their respective sample means. Section II If the researcher does not retain or reject the null hypothesis, but views it with suspicion. are being used. depending on the degree of rarity of the test, then (1) Smaller p-values tend to discredit the null hypothesis and support the research hypothesis. Using p. values is a less structured approach to hypothesis testing. If level of significance is set at.05, any p-value less than 05 implies that the null hypothesis and any p-value greater than .05 implies that the null would have been (2) hypothesis would be (3) Computer generated p-value are more precise, but are interpreted in the same way as those read from the tables in the appendix of the test. allows the researcher to Using the less structured approach of(4) postpone a decision until subsequent investigation can provide further evidence. This is an an attractive option when test results are (S)- One disadvantage of this approach is that when a firm decision is not being made to retain or reject the null hypothesis, it is difficult to deal with the concept of type I and (6) errors Results of hypotheses are often described as having statistical significance if the hypothesis has been rejected. Statistical significance indicate that the null hypothesis is probably false, but doesn't indicate whether it is seriously false or mildly false. Statistical significance may lack practical importance because sample size is (8) One way to judge practical importance when large sample sizes are present is to use the correlation. The squared point biserial squared (9) correlation indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the variable. Cohen suggested a rule of thumb for interpreting the (10) values of squared point correlation in relation to effect size. However, it is best not to apply any rule of 27

Explanation / Answer

13) SD(x¯1 x¯2)

14)Population Means

15)Increases

16) Normally distributed.

17) Equal Mean

18)Normally Distributed

19)Equal Variance

20) Equal in size

21) Fairly small.

22)Degrees of freedom

23)N-1

Section-2

1)P-Values

2)Rejected

3)Retained

4)Hypothesis Testing

5) Inaccurate or increditable

6)Type-II

7)Null Hypothesis

8)Large

9)Point Biserial

10)Binary variable

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