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Multiple Choice (1 pt) For each problem, select the best response. (a) In formul

ID: 3356544 • Letter: M

Question

Multiple Choice

(1 pt) For each problem, select the best response.

(a) In formulating hypotheses for a statistical test of significance, the null hypothesis is often

A. a statement of ''no effect'' or ''no difference''.

B. the probability of observing the data you actually obtained

C. 0.05

D. a statement that the data are all 0.

(b) In testing hypotheses, which of the following would be strong evidence against the null hypothesis?

A. Obtaining data with a small P -value.

B. Using a large level of significance.

C. Obtaining data with a large P -value.

D. Using a small level of significance.

(c) The P -value of a test of a null hypothesis is

A. the probability that, assuming the null hypothesis is true, the test statistic will take a value as or more extreme as that actually observed. B. the probability that, assuming the null hypothesis is false, the test statistic will take a value as or more extreme as that actually observed.

C. the probability the null hypothesis is false.

D. the probability the null hypothesis is true.

Explanation / Answer

(a) The null hypothesis is taken as "ground zero" or no change. Therefore the answer is:

A. a statement of ''no effect'' or ''no difference''.

(b) Whenever p < , the null hypothesis is rejected.

The answer is : A. Obtaining data with a small P -value.

(c) The P -value of a test of a null hypothesis is

A. the probability that, assuming the null hypothesis is true, the test statistic will take a value as or more extreme as that actually observed.