Peaple who eat lats of fruits and vegetables have lower rates of colon cancer th

Question

Peaple who eat lats of fruits and vegetables have lower rates of colon cancer than those who eat little of these foods. Fruits and vegetables are rich in "antioxidants" such as vitamins A, C, and E. Will taking antioxidants help prevent colon cancer? A medical experiment studied this question with 864 people who were at risk of colon cancer. The subjects were divided into four groups: daily beta-carotene, daily vitamins C and E, all three vitamins every day, or daily placebo. After four years, the researchers were surprised to find no significant difference in colon cancer among the groups. (a) What is the treatment and response in this experiment? type of food (fruit and vegetables or neither) at risk or not of colon cancer whether or not colon cancer develops whether or not subjects consumed beta carotene, vitamins C and E or both each day whether or not subjects consumed beta-carotene, vitamins C and E or both each day at risk or not of colon cancer whether or not colon cancer develops type af rood (fruit and vegetables or neither) (b) Outline the design of the experiment. Use your judgment in choosing the group sizes. (Select all that apply.) Randomly assign 4 treatments to 4 groups. Randomly assign 2 treatments to 2 groups. Observe the occurrence of colon cancer Observe eating habits. Randomly assign subjects to 4 groups. Randamly assign 2 treatments to 4 groups. Randomly assign subjects to 2 groups. (c) The study was double-blind. What do you suppose this means? The researchers who examined the subjects did not know which subject got which treatment. Neither the subjects nor the researchers who examined them knew who was getting which treatment Neither the subjects nor the researchers who examined them knew how they were randomized. Only blind subjects were used to avoid confounding of sight. The subject did not know which treatment they were receiving. (d) What does "no significant difference" mean in describing the outcome of the study? The outcome of the study was not conclusive enough to draw significant conclusions regarding the populatian considered There is no difference between the treatments for the population of everyone that might take the same treatments. The observed differences were no more than what might reasonably occur by thance even if there is not effect due to the treatments. The observed differences were not considered significantly large or significantly small.

Explanation / Answer

Solution

(a) Treatment : type of food

Response : whether or not colon cancer develops

(b) Rndomly assign subjects to 4 groups

observe eating habits

observe the occurance of colon cancer

(c) Neither the subjects nor the reasearchers who examined them knew who was getting which treatment

(d) there is no difference between the treatments

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