A study from Baltimore, Maryland wants to study the differences in initiation of
ID: 3353497 • Letter: A
Question
A study from Baltimore, Maryland wants to study the differences in initiation of tobacco use between adolescents that started working for pay and adolescent that did not work. 150 high school students were followed in each group and it was recorded whether or not they started tobacco use. i). True or False: The "exposure" is whether or not adolescents worked for pay. 2 pts) ii) True or False: The "disease" (i.e.outcome) is known at the beginning of the study. (2 pts) ii What kind of study is being conducted? (2 pts) a. Case-Control b. Cross-Sectional C. Prospective Cohort d. RCTExplanation / Answer
i). FALSE. The exposure is whether the adolescents started working for pay or did not work.
ii). TRUE. The disease or outcome (tobacco use) is known at the beginning of the study.
iii). This is a prospective cohort study (option c). Cohort studies involve identifying study participants based on their exposure status and following them through time to identify which participants develop the outcome(s) of interest. Prospective cohort studies are considered the gold standard of observational research
Cross-sectional study samples are selected based on their exposure status, without regard for their outcome status.
In case control study, researchers identify study participants based on their case status, i.e. diseased or not diseased.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the most common type of interventional study. These trials take a homogenous group of study participants and randomly divide them into two separate groups.
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