1. Eating oat bran is a cheap and easy way to reduce cholesterol count. (Fact: D
ID: 3351840 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Eating oat bran is a cheap and easy way to reduce cholesterol count. (Fact: Diet must consist of nothing but oat bran to achieve a slightly lower cholesterol count.)
Refer to the study relating oat bran to cholesterol levels. Discuss why it is unethical to report the results as stated.
A.
It is unethical to report the results as stated because they have intentionally selected a nonrandom sample (people who eat only oat bran).
B.
It is unethical to report the results as stated because exact numerical values are not given.
C.
It is unethical to report the results as stated because oat bran cannot reduce cholesterol count.
D.
It is not unethical to report the results as stated.
2. Domestic violence causes more birth defects than all medical issues combined. (No study - false report).
Consider the false domestic violence report on domestic violence and birth defects. Discuss the type of data required to investigate the impact of domestic violence on birth defects. What data-collection method would you recommend?
.
Data measuring the rate of birth defects in people who have not experienced domestic violence versus those who have would be useful. A designed experiment is recommended.
B.
Data measuring the rate of birth defects in people who have not experienced domestic violence versus those who have would be useful. An observational study is recommended.
C.
Data measuring the rate of birth defects in the population and the rate of domestic violence in the population would be useful. A designed experiment is recommended.
D.
Data measuring the rate of birth defects in the population and the rate of domestic violence in the population would be useful. A survey is recommended.
3. Only 29% of high school girls are happy with themselves. (Fact: Of 3,000 high school girls, 29% responded "I am happy with the way I am". Most answered "Sort of true" and "Sometimes true."
Refer to the study of self-esteem of high school girls. Explain why the results of the study are likely to be misleading. What data might be appropriate for assessing the self-esteem of high school girls?
A.
The results of the study are likely to be misleading because they do not present all of the data to the public. Data on what girls are unhappy with would be more useful.
B.
The results of the study are likely to be misleading because only 3,000 girls participated. Data on what girls are unhappy with would be more useful.
C.
The results of the study are likely to be misleading because the girls may not tell the truth. Data on what girls are unhappy with would be more useful.
D.
The results of the study are not likely to be misleading.
4. One in four children in a certain country under age 12 is hungry or at risk of hunger. (Fact: Based on responses to questions "Do you ever cut the size of meals" and "Do you ever eat less than you feel you should?")
Refer to the food and hunger study of hunger in a certain country. Explain why the results of the study are likely to be misleading. What data would provide insight into the proportion of hungry children?
A.
The results of the study are likely to be misleading due to nonresponse bias from the ambiguous questions. Data on hunger-related illnesses might provide more insight.
B.
The results of the study are likely to be misleading due to measurement error from the ambiguous questions. Data on hunger-related illnesses might provide more insight.
C.
The results of the study are likely to be misleading due to measurement error from ambiguous questions.
D.
The results of the study are not likely to be misleading.
5. 30% of employes would "definitely" or "probably" stop offering health coverage to employees if a government-sponsored act were passed. (Fact: Employers were asked leading questions that made it seem logical to them to stop offering insurance.)
Refer to the health reform survey. Explain what a "leading question" is and why it might produce responses that bias the results.
A.
A "leading question" is a question that leads the participant to a particular response, producing an outcome desirable to the researcher, leading to biased results.
B.
A "leading question" is a question that is asked only to some participants, leading to a nonresponse bias in the results.
C.
A "leading question" is a question that leads some people to not want to respond, producing a selection bias.
D.
A "leading question" is a question that leads the participant to a particular response, but does not produce a bias in the results.
Explanation / Answer
Q1) For every decision there should be statistical study by following all the assumptions.
Answer:
C. It is unethical to report the results as stated because oat bran cannot reduce cholesterol count.
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