5. You are in charge of estimating the mutation rate in humans. You are given th

Question

5. You are in charge of estimating the mutation rate in humans. You are given the following information: fossil evidence suggests that humans and chimpanzee diverged from a common ancestor 6 million years ago. You have the complete genome sequences for both samples. The genome size of humans is 3 billion base pairs. There is one generation every 20 years. You find that humans and chimps differ at 1 .2% of all sites in the human genome. which is 36 million differences across the 3 billion base pair genome (use this 36 million as D) Using this information, what is mutation rate on a per-generation basis? 6. You are in charge of estimating the effective number of migrants between two desert bighorn. They define distinct as less than one migrant per generation. You genotype 40 individuals of each population at 20 variable microsatellite loci (each locus has multiple alleles in each population). You calculate that F st = 0.3 between the two populations. What is the number of effective migrants per generation? What would you tell the National Park manager about whether there is one or two populations (effectively)?

Explanation / Answer

5 .I would estimate 250 years.

I do that by the following: (rep = replications, mut = base pair mutations or differences)
(10,000reps/year) * 50 years = 500,000 reps
2,000mut/500,000reps = 1mut/250reps

We now know the rate at which mutations occur. Now just apply that to the unknown sample as follows:

10,000mut * (250reps/1mut) = 2,500,000reps
2,500,000reps * (1 year/10,000reps) = 250years

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